6D 

207 
1918 



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m .?fc a.^f» w mmmM am abuxiq epssia 






Baited =itfites Dopartaciit of Acr<fi««lt»7«« 






SI 



■Foreign Xtg.;; . 



Sept. otstate 



isr.fjr' 



■M_ar^M 



ii?iCTS;:; ?i 



■?^:i ■ ..,a€^,*''.^ jy^^Jrife 



\mM i^ s^l--i 



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G 






Jtotcat 9t t9i« fsrftstQ 1 

Ia»li«.« XMoAtsy S8 

EOM Xiift«£itri«« Si 

SanmlUa fli 

jto^ttul Cut Qaa& i^jfotl-mti'm Cap&ait^ 8S 

2loj?«iu^s«i Huglim SKI 

^haxamt^v of forcset 32. 

yaturt) of lis^eTl^ f rado 99 

MmmrnXonB f!-a^»d S^ 

SlBftS cnt URg 

Sttuktar Ctanps 8ft 

■ .Jtortfii Baltic;. 4C 

OiMHWOtttr of foirert 40 

A;r«ft fsaft Owonvfilii^ 40 

ImplMir XMl«@tvy 4C 



l^^ 



«i««i jiati* B»etmk 4& 

Uiamtm Begiett iS 

Tistolft ftegioa 44 

Jieeloa of tii« EivwvB Xmidp^ic aaA 46 

U37&I Eogioa 48 

t<»|dL«a (»f tbte ll]ppeff Volip 49 

^9 lute:?!^^ Ee^lun S4 

l£ix:«4 Jonif crams aad I",-.i.i";t;,.>uu 
fertieftl forest B?Jlt3 of 



66 

mtho^a of Sellla?? timber 69 

Ooaolusioas 7£ 



m im§m^ w mmm m mMm h^^ia 



fUfi t«taX t9m&t arem of ^mpeaa aod 4aiatlo 
i£»asift la estia&ted U be in tlie mij0ii»m9U 9t 1«5SO,000,000 
s«rt8» oitttlttaiv« ef Fiiilmd. sifith FiulbM, tli© total forraot 
ar«i am»iait» to l..S57,OG0,OC!O mjcm^ "ShU a»o» la aiatjpllmiod 
&^nt m fi»ll««8t 

SwikostsilJ Sii, 198,000 

Total 1,38€J.OS2,0OO 

lot sll of tfeia .IBM ?5l&,®®ed i!,g for©0t 10 aotnally 
lieariag itoreeit^ M^;^«fe of i% X^ a«BK^, lafeas, lurg© l>ium«« 
mid e-^trnv wrn^t^ tmSi.., M Mmm^^ Smmi». 30 for o^t of ISmi 
tQtsl Ittad el^»»i aa fOr«.ii»t is s^atwilly protue ti-^ f0J»8*fc 
limd "^ in Caurta«ise» 63 ,p«>r <^»iiti «aa ia Asinti© Jteija-in, only 
^ fey oo]tt« Ga tfed® l»&ais tl^e aotwl for«j3t feesiMjig' l^aA ia 
Mropota anA Aslatio Ito^^ia U U tim E^lghbomood of 
788,865,600 9m3f9» disstrilmtoA %s fcOlovot 



m>&f': 



Asiatio Itoaaia 



MS««4f,000 



o^^memBldlp tl^« pv^Amotiw firosta am AistrJ 



Betgioa 






Asiatie 
Ivasla 

Stlf1Ct0'feilA 



as folloipat 
atate 



349,509,700 
8,^00,000 
849,781«000 



Jhrlf&t« t ]^4iaaa&t tAU other 

t I 

Aoroa i Aor«s s Aarea 

I s 

s : 

1 i 

• * 

• • 

i i 
97.071,900 $89,309,700: 6,e@3,400 



4,199,000 : 
t 



} 

$83,746,000 

t 

t 

t 



Sotal 
Aaraa 



38S,644,7( 
1S,193,0( 

3JS3,SE7,0i 



X 



X 



809,890. 7OOaOl,»84.9O©t89,i8O9,700l9O,S99.4O0j7S8.364»7< 



•g» 



'"N ET'* -* — i',> ■' 



.£S.^U i^i-f'i *»'•■- 



1 






Xwsl* f9t s Xoag tin* feJM 1m«ii «ii|P8«* la tia^ev 
esq^ff%» Hie tlab«v ms:p9t% h&& )»oftn grovliif at a mMiii m»t9 
rapid rat* tliaa tlw total es^vt or %lm oscport of any oao 
otkov proftaot* Slnuit ^^^ the pc^zloA alaaioe ISOO to 1913» 
tiio Yalttt of Booala^o eatiire export hm lA<Hr«aaoA SX tines* 
wliilo tlio Tolno of tliA ti»)»er ex»9t% loojroasoA 126 timeo* 
Tbtit eaqport Of grals for thiei' ^«)rioA. Incs'^a^oA OAljr 44 tlMos* 
9lie timli«r trafto in Russia tiefOro the i^ar atooA ttoxt to t3» 
grain traAo* Its grootli ^ao ^oa pai'tioalarXy pIioiMBMaB3l 
iurtag tlie la»$ toa 7«ars« fhgt oeiap£iratlvo growtn of 
ltnoflia*s eiitiro oxport trado aM of tbe osqport of foroot 
proftnoto mskf lio obtained from tho foUoidi^ aiagrenot 



"«5* 






m)»r^ 



TOTAL ^XT^O/fT AND /^0/=?^ST EX/^0/?T 






MILLIONS 







-4- 



GffOWT/-/ C/=~ TOTAL /?^l/£'A/U^ AND 

/ro/?^ST f^EVfr/vuT: 










J^X/='OJ^T or rO/^EST FffO DUCTS r/^OM /fC/SS/A 



MILLIONS 




(Tl O 



^ 



c 



c 
























_ 


0/^£iOAL/?/PS 
























26,'^00 

2s;6oo 

2^^800 


770 T-^/ 








































///7-O G^/?A^y^yV)^ 
























£■^000 


- G/?^/?T ^/?/T/7/yV 






















23,200 
22,^00 
2/ 6 00 




/7^0Z.A.AA/ZP 










































-- 


// S/E/LG/O'M 


















/ 


20 600 




'^ /=-/?/) //C^ 
















y 


/ 


















/ 


/ 








T//0£/S/l/V/C?S 


— 


-- 








/ 


/ 








/s,4'00 
/Z'Soo 
/6 300 


O/^ nOj!Ll./!/l'S 








/ 






i - .- 


/1^,300 
































/ 






































/ 






- 




/s 000 


/S;200 

UT^,/fOO 

/j; 600 

/2 300 




























) 










/S,200 

/3, 600 
/2^300 




























/ 
































--- 




^ 




._ _x 1 


































































- 




















/ 


//,200 
/O/fOO 
S^(500 
8^ 3 00 
S.OOO 
7,200 
<5^00 
S SCO' 
^- iOO 

■^,00 c 
3,200 
2,^00 
/ soo 


























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// 200 






























1 [ / 


\ 


/ 


/ 0,4^00 
























u 1 


^Nj/ 1 V= 


- 




1 
















jTT 




1 




8 GOO 


1 
• 1 
















l\ 






L4- ,- 


-- 






e,ooo 
7 200 












, > 


k. 








1 


i 
1 






/ 


\ 1 / 
\ ' / 




\ 


h 


^ 




1 




1 

1 


6,4-00 
£;&oo 
4&00 
-4000 
3 200 


i 

L i 




1 ^ 


\U w 


// 






r 1 

1 






J 
f 


VT 




> 


< 


V 


\ i/- 






1 






t~- 


\ i ^S- , 4,,-^ ^ 




V 


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, 






~r:_iA±_ 














1 


1 '\L-U^ 
1 ^=1 1 


_J_I. \ll^ 








^ 


^ 


^ 


"~~~~ 


'I 


2 400 




I 






. 1 j-.i-j._ 


- 


^' 


X 


^ 


/,<500 

aoo 




300 



i 




1 


— i-J— 




:^ 


1 

1 1 


"^'"°°""'''"^=====T==4^^T°°T^ 


l::^ 


— 


" 


~"" 


z:^ 


.... 


_<j; 




^-- 


1 1 



'?- 



c 



c 






S2.800 






3S,200 
33,6 00 
3Z COO 




r 



Umi «Bl«at •t Sft88iA*s fwwt% «acp*vt nay ^ 
|ml««A fyani tli« fiiot ttot tlie ibToimieft amamX mss^% ftir t^ 
fl'TChi-yttftr p€>ri»4 lMit»«e& X908 luii XiOY «s»«iit«d t« 6,t41»6SM 
tofi»» i«l»»i, at #48tJS^*'S^* ^« aT^ra^B aamal expert for 
tlitt p«riaA lNitw«eii 1908 ant 1912 ai&oiaaitaA ta 7,404«18t tana* 
TBloaA at |$7»087»6©0* Sti« Idada of faraat pxtNimeta and 
tlia aonatries to wMali thejr ara os|»ortat ar« ^iiown in tlia 
toXUmfso^ ta1»le8: 



fy'~ "Xu^^. 



iff,f\ rs 



r 



1 


logo - oak 


101,610 


$1,467, 


8 


Lo?B - pine 


614,970 


3,514, 


S 


Loffa - epmoe 


388,281 


2,286,1 


4 


Loes - othor speaiE 


s 279,766 


2,3bi:, 


6 


Poles 


21,006 


124, 


6 


Yearns 


270,720 


3,407, 


7 


3oardB and tlea 


3,742,200 


45,938, 


8 


lane tlaoer 


792,306 


5,033,1 


9 


Uatohwood 


11 , 756 


219,1 


10 


Wood pulp 


1,527,804 


9,893,. 


11 


Oordwood of dif- 








ferent speolea 


123,894 


484. 


le 


Walnut and pala wo 


)d 5,689 


294, 


13 


Other voolB not 








olasBlfled 


42,354 


1,477, 


14 


Stares 


117,648 


2,021, 




Total 


7,979,314 


i78,642, 




'one ton equals 


2,000 pound 


a 



/o 



Klnde Of 7orest Produota and Co o^ tries to ^hioh Thoy Are Hxportod 



Total Ticport 



1 logs - oai 

8 Lo?8 - pine 

5 Logs - Bprao* 

4 Lore - otnor speoies 

6 ?cl«g 
6 Btams 

T Boards and ties ! 

B ^na tlmoer 

1 Uatobwood 

10 Sood pulp ] 

11 Oordwood of dif- 

ferent speulae 

IE Walnut and pa'ui Bood 

13 Other vooda not 

olaaelflsd 

14 Starea 

Total 



Tone* 

101,610 
614,970 
3£8,221 
279,756 
21,006 
270,720 

, 742 , 200 
792,306 
11,756 

,527,804 

123,894 

5,589 

42,354 
117,648 



Value 

$1,467,000 
3,514,600 
2,286,750 
2,3bi:,000 
124,000 
3,407,G0C 

45,938,500 

5,033,000 

219,000 

9,893,500 

484,000 
294,250 

1,477,500 
2,021,000 



Pxportad to 
jormany 

?or oont 
of the 
Tons total export 



Value 



83,656 
594,254 
281,772 
157,626 

2,353 
116,712 
6^1,576 
38,592 

1,404 
752,886 

46,530 
360 

6,876 
36,888 



82.2 

96.6 
85.9 
49.2 
11.2 
43.1 
16.6 
4.9 
12.0 
49.5 

37.6 

6.5 

16.2 
31.4 



?1,£47,000 

3,374,500 

1,863,000 

9 7 7, "500 

15,500 

1,340,500 

6,531,000 

290,000 

24,500 

4,369,500 

186,500 
22,000 

225,500 
650,000 



Exported to 
•luetrla-II angary 

Par cant 

of the 

Ions total export 



10,476 

8,010 

9 

15,408 

180 

3,438 

48,060 

234 

84,060 

3,474 
9 

918 
11,764 



10.3 
1.3 

.0 
5.5^ 

.9 
-.3 
1.3 

.0 

5.5 + 

£.8 

.1 

2.2 
10.0 



Value lona 



lixported to 

Belgium 

Per cent 
of the 

total export 



iiSlll,600 

26,000 

250 

128,000 

500 



270 
540 
186 

2,196 
1,926 



40,500 16,524 

750,600 224,352 

2,000 68,716 

1,080 

690,000 17,190 



10,500 
250 



5,114 



10,000 1,350 
176,000 3,664 



7,979,314 578,642.000 2,721.366 34.1 -21,117.000 186,030 £.3 $1.924.000 331,038 



0.3 

0.1 

.0 



6.1 
6.0 
7.4 
9.2 
1.1 

2.6 + 



5.2 
3.1 



Value 

03.600 

5,500 

1,000 

25,500 

18,000 

144,000 

2,812,500 

443,600 

80.000 

130.500 

18,600 



57,000 
73,600 



Iiported to 
"'reat >rltain 

^'er cent 

of the 

total export 



Va lue 



2,592 


2.6 


4,788 


.8 


2,502 


.8 


8,046 


8.9 


8,118 


38.6 


59,760 


22.1 


£,36£,666 


55.1 


618,364 


66.4 


3,636 


31.0 


161,910 


10.6 



64,926 
4,104 



27,468 
33,048 



62.4 
73.4 



64.9 

28.1 



|41,000 

48,600 

23 , 500 

67,000 

35 , 000 

1,183,600 

26,900,000 

3,084,600 

66,000 

972,600 

245,000 
210,500 

953,600 

631,000 



xported to 
Holland 

Per cant 

of the 
total export 



4,590 

5,778 

42,066 

116,938 

7,344 

72,846 

516,924 

99,000 

792 

480,960 

4,842 
360 

1,494 
5,094 



4.5 + 
.9 
12.8 
41.4 
35.0 
25.9 
13.8 
12.6- 

6.7 
31.6- 

3.9 
6.6- 

3.6+- 
4.3 



53 

576 

,179 

47 

665 

,564 

614 

13 

,476,' 



,500 
,000 
,000 
500 
500 
500 



Ezported to 
France 

?er cent 
of the 
Tons total export 



126 
1,620 
1,746 

540 
1,080 
1,440 



500 268,722 
000 77,400 
600 4,824 
000 30,798 



22,000 
18,500 



1,008 
766 



'One ton equals 2,000 pounds 



4.2 43,761,000 2.961.828 37.1 533.451,500 1 



70.600 4.248 
64,000 27,216 

.358,028 17.0 $13,019,000 421.624 



13.5+ 



10.0 
23.1 



Value 

Si, 500 

14 , 000 

£5,000 

6,500 

i,500 

30,000 

3,600,000 

699,000 

95,000 

256,000 

3,500 

45,000 

161,000 
457,500 

^5, 276, 500 



/o 








mmmt 


Per eejit 

©f tO%Bl 


wwWblWP 


]&«3>r o«at 


1« X^fg « eak 


lOX^^W 


1.9 


131*467,000 


U» 


ft* 1^1 » i»i»e 


04,076 


7*7 


S»5U,S00 


4«S- 


9« tarn ^ 3pvtt<»o 


«8»t^^ 


4*1 


E,^4,7I» 


S«9 


4* iog3 • 9^m i^^ai#8 


znjm 


».i4- 


&,wm^mo 


^•o 


S* !^3,€»8 


n^im 


a 


XM«00O 


a 


6» Ammgb 


sfojm 


9*4 


3*407,060 


4*5 


T* JtflUNUi eas tie! 


B^fu^m& 


4II.9 


4§,«I9,@00 


fil.9« 


d« KJUte tiB««r 


79S,aCI6 


••9 


a,oasi,ocio 


4«4 


t# lfi%%cim»»i, 


11, TM 


•1 


tm»im. 


•Jl 


!L0« Pt^tjiwooA* 


1,3£I7»@04 


w*t 


$^$m^mm 


1S«§ 




l£S3«iM 


!♦« 


4S4,<K30 


•e 


12* ialxnKfc iist4 ]^i&3mw«A 


i,&@9 


.1 


SM,880 


#4 


3J« Otlie? nr9«to mt 


4a»354 


•i^f 


1,477, §0© 


l«« 


X4« 3tftW9 


U7*M@ 


!♦§• 


S.,Oa,OO0 


^6 


*J!otal 


7,979,814 


Ii0*0 


7S,i42,000 


100^0 



-U^ 



"*"»'*»*< 



'ij;^ 






>»lv?' 



Mt.. 









l»eTt@ft« toy ftumtltf » ^ioasialMi i»f rsKr us halt aaaufaotxireA 
fVtii«lNl» W)t£bt it it^SkUtt tor tuasia^s lanlicr iadtistvy m.y b« 
jtiAe«A ^3Wi ^tt i>Mt %lM.t tlM aiv»7a£« mUm ot mo ton ff 1m(sm 
is ff«lit «kia.« tlto «v«»ke# mlwb 9t m0 ton ojr ammta^tmt^ 

%ii3lMgr pr9«aiit« la a aftunfif ttt»»4 foaesi ^tfol^ iooroasa its 
irfti«» At X9ttm% %f S£^ 07 40 fer •tat luad thim ^4^itimaX iraluo 

W9aii liairo 9«ii*ta«4. &R «iu» aoimiiry ia tim i^m. «f »8@«8 to tho 
SiieifiditiB ivxftiojp* 

loaMs in tiio ^Bsaiaa oaq^ort tiStMLc il^jT ^& &03t 
l2»9ort8)|t yi^t oiMtmtisii? tMi 47 p«r 6«mt oi tiw datiro oaepotrt 
1» <pinttlt7 ctat fi 909 ttottt lA mXimm^ M9b% of tko boovAo 
fii w*f^ ««tttl 9am Mii9»o4 to Q^:tmt iritaia, whX^ it tlw oMef 
itasasxix' of ^ia)^te*« ^mrk tln^r* SHo o^jkii^iit of boar«o has 
beoa isoffoaolug t« IttlXaiaA, fvoaoo* luH BoXgitnig aXthou^ 
•oXiMiaer ft«s ai»« ^o«ei iaovoooifi^ ttu l9i^i>t of ^oasiim %oiiz«a» 
t9ut laxg^ly ia tlio ttm& %t tloe, «iM<iik %m el&osoa v^itH tea?&o» 

%g«hfto Of Baa»ia« ttmjf tvm ia»oat ^ pe? ooat ot yie satire 
^%b1io3r mfmt% Iqr qaoatity iHft lA i^t ooat ia v^uo* tHo 3Logfl «• 
' ttlMoot oatijmliy to 9oi9sa&aaft tlrao of alX tiio j»iii« log@ o^^^rted 
fi«g« tt»^8i&t a««^»^ »7 P»» ««»* «»«^« «lU*t«fi to Socmaajf, of 
spiTBOo logo, 8«| of oak logs. «} aai of 1« » of ftU other 

-IS* 



sm^tem^ ^ J^f 94Mit« L&tuljit theye htm l»een a graving 

f9ff iaaulsai oaic I©g» frw atollana, Oroat Britain, uaA Aaatrla- 



K|]|« parous and mliu» tlab«ofa in ^n&voX fexm a ▼ory 

te^iftifijaA lt«BB la. Jtoaaia's »3i;|»©:rt tamde^ Thiui ia X9XS tlw »>X n% 

titOlE of tkia material go©s t© Sjro&t SritaiA (6S ^r aeati^ 

lli.tQlt-^11041 ai&d 1^]^ w«»0d ax*d balag &»portQ<^ ia i»-> 
oreaslni^ qmatities, siMefly lat© »em8Bjf» Auatria-iJaagafy, 
l©U$uaft, Bwq4mi« m& ajit«ly lata Soxway^ that la» t« thaae 
aotrntriot wMoli a*© engapta. ia tlt« as^^jrt trade ia pmly, papar 
ant aatStoa* @f all the jpt^p iR«ad e2s^3ft«<l, aaaply 80 par 
aaat vwat ta ftasawsr* J^ox' the paviAd hatwaan 1II99 ta lfX5 
tha asipart af waad pop laayaaaad in "ndaa fx«B $a^f ,ttoe t# 
|3lO»9@0yOGO« $h« iaaarwftaa Immme pmtimikml'y notiaaa^lito ' in 
190S» fhe £igi^m Mr i?aaA palf da aat tall tha ascaat aa<mat 
af poly «aat ©a^^vtad aiaoa part af it is a^n^rtad in tha faxn 
af aavdwwaif pasrtiaalasly s^^mm aaBftwaod* 

fha aoiparli af aa:Nlw>aft frtn itwMiia ia Tavy lai*9i{ 
Umb |af 191^ i!i^3Stiaa mv&m&(k anaiottad ta 4S,i8i taaa, TttlasA 
at MIL,S06# i'iaa a«r«*MA asa eacpartod ta tha ataaaat •# 
lid,9SS taaa* valaad at W^tSOQ, m& af all athar hinds, 88,H0 
tans, mlnai at |88ll,600« av a total af 125 ^^H taaa, talaad 
at |4t4,000« fim spnstaa aaMimad ia ahij^pad yrinoipally ta 
CkrtfifStny* Sha pine oardwaad ia diatrilmtad s©ra ot laaa nalfftaa* 
ly «toag {^^sTaral o^tmtriea* 

-13- 



M, iik m4^ 



&fti}*x 



••ex* 



AH •t)»v» aire tawat oliitfly t« ^twkt Brl1ui4JU 

3tftT«fl vm 0X&9 ea Impdriiaat it«a of tns«l»*8 
P0H txttde, hiiTiog b««& earportee ia X915 to the oiMinit tf 
XX7»M6 tone, tb1im& at #£,021,000. 3tAVt« tun txpox-taA 
okifffXy to dre&t Britain.^ Soomsiy, 7fft8daioO| AaotyjawllBngmpy^ 
dolgivi oat SoxiaaA* 

£ho Esvi^Ua oxj^xt tvMo io ^axTieti oa tluroni^ tHo 

S«ii3i«»*A«otjrloa fvoa%iotf« iQUfc^ s«ft forte* Amrr points, «aA 
att»aia»HBtaB<iiMUiii firoiitioi** fHo distrilmtioa of tte miyorts 

tftxotifli tlw 4iff#ronfe po.irt'@y as ili<»?a l>j tlio af&ll«lilA ftgaxoa 
for 1911, is B@ fQilimBi 



ism 


JftlaLJEBft2l 


%^&u^4>n 


Ma 


t^&s$^%m 


<y«8 


itiAs.ns 


14,0 


xn^fu 


e«6 


lSS»f«6 


1.7 


mft 


0#1 


¥ 


— 



Initio ftrl« 

itB8aiaa«»Fj«wi0iaa f roatloi*' 
ffMto Soft yoiHa 

li;^MiaM4auit»laa fis^oatiev 

Mamr porta 

8ii»Mii6aNSHB»ai»a fvontioir' 

Sotal 7»410«&» 100^0 

It i» oloaar ttot almost tiko oatiao 0B9«rt laalMV 
tmAo lMifw« tue war was eanriod oa tlivoag]^ tlio loltio aai 
mdU Soa |?«7ta or ^jr la»& tlKroar)^ tlio SaaoiMH^raasioa frontioa* 

••14* 






MML.M.Jm^ 



■■U.m^'t :m.kms.:- 



■M* ^yMlrJ -stl'ii^^: 









SaiBe «f I»»t «Bif lfti$©3?iftl 




.llail»l^«ttiir« 


3d 


fmm 


j^«i? 0©at 


arterial 


^#|f 0«Qfl 


mm m$Mnx, 


Sf»6 


x,m&^^m 


mK«4 


St^tr^^em «ai &mmlm&t mf^SM 


4d«i 


fu^wm 


m^i 


mmm %m^&n 


i4«9 


u&^m$ 


4Sm% 


u^m m^mn 


4^3 


iMjm 


Sf#7 


mimr ports «f te3lti@ ^m US^Mm 


n.^ 


m^tm 


gf,4 


m%^ x^4m,im 


@i«4 


t,^m,u$ 


6S,S 



trade 



pfofi^to eaE«#«40 ia^© ««mt of raw mt^vIM^ f^4i la f«t4©« 
mlaffl^ %m» of %lio prt of Mim* 



*xs- 






Ici^^: 



X vi t^ s^tmi '^i^S 



»i^J 



of ^Oft 




r 






iMMJiMi^MsM. 



3aw Material 



46,908 

M» 



4S*3 
4,7 



Soaa 
63,798 



71,4 
S7,7 
95,3 



_i2iiim__-i!Ai. 



a0&,o&8 



£S«8 



a7a«0i8 



Th& WMt« B«® porta om a whol« sh©*^" an nx^osa of 
©..sport ©f Bi®3sii*aetTiro^ pro«ts«t9 ' ©ver 'irsw jsntctrial, IIOisil""lf 
tlM» |>rodia«t tliat aooeiO ilufoni^' tfee *^iit© i3is® .|>orts goes to ' 



,ac«„.s>e- 



Msm& Of ^03?t 


Esiw Jl.««ta3?lal 








fo»« 


for aoat 


Sojaa 


I'ajr o^t 


Odioss^ 


@»oa8 


6«8 


uo«sa£ 


93.8 


OtJictrjporta of 


.l^im 


.- .ISa^ / 


2.574 


^.JMl^ 



10,674 



Bn% 



tlZ,BH 



91*4 



41;:alli»7l|ri i}i« portft of Uio 'Mmis. &i^ oliosf &». 
osioosB ojT ojqitort ol" aaxuii^tikyoi. |>a?o<]iiiftot0 o'WftX sow &iotoirft«2ji« 
Moot oX tiio iBBatovlftl la aiiipji^iNI to t^ loojr M»% aM Mi^4itor« 
0Oimt>rlo<» 



XtBA^' 






i'X.","^ ■».« ■■.»::t'Z, 









Saw M«t«n«X 





Uateriol 




£&r aunt 


9mis 


Jre?" ocnt 


78«8 


4S1«9&3 


n.s 



tula 18 «iM n«3t lai]p«i»«aat «]MUEiiii& tiuraaf:)i wUoli tke 

this f£>«nti«v aaA 7ft«8 9®:p ««iit of «12> tIM fvedwt tins «k- 
p«ip««« %• ftftfoeissr ia iB tb« tern 0f rwv iiat«riAl« mi wsX^ 

illmfttmt«9 ite MOMiiia p«li«;;7 «^ i«sniaajr t«mf4 %h» tSmlmr 

r*80«f«Hia «f EnaslA %«t^ir tmn tima* tigmsmn^ fh» msmm 

&mAX9^ WiOlatiSlM «Bq»«Vt «f t&t }IWM&iMlt«M& :ip»t«ll«t f«P t^ 
Bam» p«rjUNi Maa «*aY*ttstA b«tli ia fiaatitir and mana* fte 
abli^f ai» «^ •assail^ i£> ta gat fran Haaaiii m »U))i as paisalU^ 
&f the rm praduat far tUm dawXo|aM$iit af its mm Vm^mt 
isatistrf* Xa tbia GanMuay la f«»T«:r»t l»f jrlT»r tra»s:H>3rtAtioA« 
m6 Imllt iMir mmiilla axid woaA |wlp mllla *t imt aiamm of tlta 
X'lfax'8, mk»m hmS^mii%^T9 &r« ia Eagaifi and vMaii sra eltlixtr 
Arlvable &t m^rit^iaa for %h&it mtim Imngtikm Baoaaae af 
tkia aliaat wftteif t]*wwport, Baa&iati tinliaxnaa tlBA It aflaa 
aara a«in3ata«ao«« ia flaat tHa tlater ta daxvaajr t^aa ta ai^ 
It ta siUa aaA fifurtarias la ite^sla itaelf« 



ma^ • '^t-tm 9M 



Mm %(i&^ 



■%9 



»mk% %9 doBsaasr* A l«uff« iMmb<»r of lm:» walali aro 3«at lijr 
fift»iii& tD HollsHd also flB<3 their m^ lttt« a^zimajr tlirot^ 
tk<6 Hliln€« Ssaeian let s fe«a n, largs mnilier of Cldm&n^s 
sAiBiXXa m»&. Vm i^Xm o£ Vmmn loss l# oontx'ol^oii oM«£l7 

lAj^'S in aasAiii i1ii»6X£ &f£i»«ta ma pri«« ^t Xitta.« &ime tHo 
aB0s4»il. sitini.Ula iiUlis^ aoaoioA ex«ft« Xotp wiiil,^ l^o o&Oieo 

vlULdH ai^ s»at ««;3^ert04 l« ft«.:sQiU£y. tlia pirn &UII os«>mpiea 

t||# first ^1M«, £■»(&. ZMart^ te ii me^ Xoga «f «tJi0r ^«ai«« 
sm^ mB^inm^ &a& otOt* 4^at SO t^jr ««>»% oi' a;La. the ««od 

@«y^O£'ted to? iJatt sma!ti£SMitur4» s^t p»Xf§ MW^'^ ^'^^ m»t&h0» go«9 
to dssmsit^i 9mx M ^x 9«a% ^t mil 'Ikt <»»»«i!0«S «i^ofto^^ 
fi'0m Ximsaiii go@« to id^ax'^attaif^ l^lkn 0«»«A ooon^Mie ^lio^ 
tow-art. 1i^€ ^a^aiaa. tlxs^liti^ ««9fl.i«8 is wolX a^wn i» m^ 
tia^jT tairiit aae^to^ ia 19©4» Juat afte^r tli@ u^ncimsioa 
Of t3io B%sao«^a^iia«so '^at; 





oie%ri0 toa 


Ii>:Lj^oo4 


Wmi» 


Ef^uiid tia'&oir (Xoga) 


1 •§§ 


OeOc at«vo« 


.46 


Bmm tieibov 


•33 


^amUtalMHr 


1#§6 



•IB* 



a#$- Li. 



ffyit* 



Uii<^S^ 



*Ilmm t<^r mM 5?<«a» l*tr ©eat 

M.B^$M {SI0Z i^mi mu%'}% ^tm®* imw^-nie^ toatria mmmsMm 
^ati« %$m%w mmmmm #f i'&s &m s^d it a i^^t tlsLl»@r «»«» 
9«rt«v« tlM» tlmU'er %m&0 Imt-mm. me t«» oemtrios Lb not 
l(us|^ a^ fht tariff sic3r«»«i»iat mm m% ^ttm% i»t#ri@aif %h» 

aalii® m$um^ EaasJjMEi lolaaft^^ ^^i*. tm rt^gita ©f fcJi« mvwa 
Ssiti&$9r ftM 33lBi«iSttr« t&@8® aire , %^ x'egioisi In winiaii pirimt® 
i?«x«8t« i^¥«a«isiitftt« ijia ijft tjiii» piMBt Mkym ^&<^vl &^mmiif.m&T* 

terj teire ^«ii -r#p©?t««, ^^'w^st^teA* If tms ia tifus t^t 

tlie fewst® gyaTii^tiHf tm^M tit® fUlt® i®»» ilie lon«, «f 



hm |i£0«m«tfl to %% aarlcdis «f the mi^e em% m^ tim H«ait» 
enfaaooa i3@a* S^«ir ojc^loitatidti, )t(i»«»T02*, e»p««|ali2r of 
tli« fid3r»8tii alojig tlio ]^at S^a $oa;i^« teaaaas th« ex|)6iia« 
it%7« of a'ffromt -iloal Of oik^itia fi&r tli,« »«a-^;tfnotian, of 

fl^ «iiiii«4^tl.oa of 'tlii» format® of Atsifttio ' .Hnsaiit 
h&^ alao Jiardly M^aa# «mi^ »o«iitlf' tlit foy©aig of'tho' 
Soreipissfemto of f«l>oXslc aM 'f oia^lt,' muh ^m witnla Froilmity 
of i!«i|jp9tt4at Itft'vo iMBftia to m oifpXoitdL a»i tlio ptoftmot 

e^^p&Si tkitm^h f^t^ogfM or Ar^a^goi to imstexn %ropo# 
!Bi« |iii?o4aot, Tmmrm-»t misM <»&b Juitlfsr Itit tyaasportstion 

lai® forests tf 1?aA®st«iii' Sft ta^rtly t«meli®« jot 
■feoQsmoo of tmk of wmt^r mA mllroEl ts«ai^ort?!tti^a» Tim 
only proHnot #o fsT oa^rtofi ^f«m fm^^tm. m & Im^s bm^Ho 
ia tho %la«fe walaat Iwrrs* ffels aattyial, wnto:^ jlolfto a irisajy 
'il^noly gies;to®« fmmtiit^ nnammf^CHf wtmmM ^uvmt tramr* 
l^irtftt ioa Init j*«o«ntly, 1)«o»»30 of TOfTtooA «««»« ;f03:" tills 
typ« of ironoojf, -t^io twsdo la it hm %mmm Imu profltaMo. 

ilie ifeot fo?®ai fffegioa of tSi© dof^^wim^iit of 
'fo^l^ md tito piw-na^to of ^^!^SMas«-l^l^$l aM *?(silorltflc« 
of Xmk of oairwttioiit^ tipimspdrtatiaa, ^11 ^f^-f" »^ i^^^- ^A^ 
^^t rofsaJa iiiaeo<&s^it»l«5 for ©.^spert tra^®« 



OisXjT tite f^r«8tt «f t)ie Fur B»«t «?« favoraiftly 
aitHAted fdf ftor«iirn sxy^irt teeaii«i« of tli« fiaoilities f#» 

flQirlsi^ into the i^ftolflc Ocean* Wi^re le ftlroftA^ a f*lyly 

08i ppGdnKits sM in X91X %hlM 9xp9t% waa ijidr«aa«A to X7«100 
tons* This tialier is ar^aeraliy •£^rt«A to Jrai^aa A&d China 
Intt tte ]ii^93r gYad«« vtat to wost^m Mropot partlQllairXy 
ftroat Britain* In additloa, tli&r(» lu»« 1>«oa oaqportoi to 
AastxaXia twm tlio Sci^ of femo^ alMmt XIO^OOO o«Mo f#®t of 
&$fffmm onA *'ooAaap" (Piatas oombxa) tiaiibar into A^stirftJiA aaA 
te<eii tlio iai' of 3t« Oiga 3?4«000 arnbict foot of aino pv^m* 
In idXl tlioro fma began an e:%port traa« (al»oat 3100,000 euMe 
f&etl fx«is the ]>ort of P03i6t« 9]io oi^ort txv^o ^tartoA 
fmn it in i906 «9ion tlioyo apipoareA setaral laxgo X«iteie»a 
who ofgaaiso^ tho nanafaotaro aaA idU.|Bont of timh@s' into 
Aaotvalia aat Olilaa* Shina nnioalitoAiy offoxn a iror^ 3Liy?g« 
aarleot f&v Ha^iaa tlstlier* Aooordiag to Hio Easaioa aatlioil* 
tioa, 6Hi»a im|)orto4 in 19n al»oat |d,000,000 wor»i of tlmlidir 
ppofiaota, ^!iia Ini^rt onaiag f»n lapaa aatt "Uui Unito<i states* 
S^ho Qhittooo markot ia riot tor^ oaoeuitiai oliioo i^ ohief «o* 
fai:M»«nt is o&^afaoaa* fiio Oklnoao aiM&ot, thorofore, ooulA 
ho safiaf ioa with aoo«iA«s»iAo sat«»rial. maio ay f i»m Aofootito 
timber or own topa« whioh woalA he of aonaiAoirahlo aAvaatago 
in the p»«3^ar naaagoMoat of tHo lataiaa foreots aiooo idno;* Xiko 

•El"* 



»^i 



ianur aiiA ]^ri«SB»r anS on tlM XaXana of a»^lifai«ii, &!»omt 40 
pvimto aatmilXs m& » fo^ym««it «R«iBill8« w&iaJi mr)co& 
ciiiofXy for Xoeal !!a;>.rk«t8« 



JtMfSMHiSHBBBBwMHiBfiKSdw 
JwBw n i T ii i ii TffT iiir jrwM MHMHUw STTM i i ii W WBKHfc«iB83jyBw8i8iS8» 

Ijr wit&ln tho last two deoa4«s« IR&e latoAt f i|par«s avaU.* 
81^0 ai^ for X91X wjien the mnber of ^aimllla ana ot^r 
weadMialng i^lnxits operator trjf power was S^Xfl^t wipXosriiig 
111,703 westosen* 3!1mi gvowth of the imiMitrj iittl' )m» jM^d 
fyoHtt the foot tlmt for the period betweexi 1900 anfi X91X the 
aai%«r ef sttwilXla aaA waeer ftftotoriea iaes^iuMid Aft 9«r 
ooflft aad tke amUeif of worteimi ta Uien •? per oefit* i Zlio 
ttvarea* tiomlier of woviomii oni^irofi in » ttowniUl is aiuvrnt 
46, aXihoia^tii t3M3ni ato aoMOills whickh e»fl«gr i^^raei SOO "lo 

1*000 BOO* 

deaiSes the wovIbsuhi eapXoired In the aa«mllla anA 
weod'-'aalag plants, asd mibjeet to Inapeotioa t»7 faetorjr i»» 
ajpeotors, there is s g:reat atnher of omIX IMixstries ear- 
riei oa la the hones of t^ pessaata* Aoaordlag to the heat 
eetliaft'tes aijii&lXahlo, theT^a i»re not Xess thaa 877,000 people 
oae^^^ ia ^s "hOBS** woodMialag iMmstrioB* teong the 
Aifferent oooQ^^tloae theso wsh^bma fure Aistrllmtod ssnethiat 
ss follows s 



-g3-. 



4^ii 






6e»8M 


4.138 


95^888 




7S»Ctt8 




60,580 


I8,8U 


10,000 


X,788 



Zn tkft aiamifaottir* of test 
wiA HianOi lKi](k X2A,884 

Xa thO predttotien 9i 

Xa ImalDet making 
la wagon maidbig 
2a aalilas'l imn^ 
Za wood e&rriag 

S^Jiae, only in the cmso of oa1»iiuit fwffe, vHiidli 
iaolMos tiid maanfiaotaxo olf deora, ^^adoir ftwaea, »M ftcmi* 
tave^ ia«a t3i« jSaetavir prainatieai show ansr ot(ii»iA«f«i^o sren* 
ber of ttBR c»i9i03r»<U Koot of tiio oidioy wooA<-«u3£ag: imiaatrios, 
pojrtioalasEay tlio »ale$ag of woodoa aaaro &M i^aafnotaroa fx«B 
test aaA l»ixieli terk, a»i la tii« liaaAa of tHo i^oaoninta woffkla^ 
a% heae* this Is Xnii^ely dtie to tiio (slioapov ^7lo«8 fo; vmr 
arterial «^ild]i ar« fooM in tlie trloiiiity of t%@ Tillagea aat 
to t^o dlioap wator traasportatioa* la ^iu of the raplA 
intiuBtrlal deToloiiaoBt of aasoia* thoao anall j&oao wood«u9iag 
iadustrioa will, for a long tlao, rmmiM a foata.ro of Etsi^aia'a 
laalM»7 ioAuatr^ aaa oenpoto with th^ larpi f^ood-^^L^ifig |4aata« 



Hm aawMllla whloa work: ohiefljr tor oxport tx«Ao 
livo, as a xulo, stoaa 09oratod« well 1»i;iilt, aad jpsi^rUet witk 
op^toHlato raaohlnas;* fiti» is soatly of tte oaali or gaas 
8«r t^po tritii ias or ivifoxal franea* ^o aoamlUs airo 

•34» 



diPffis 



hdMuJ,^J^ 



^iJLii,Liiiki- 



p70Ti4M with Tavioua oironlar fwws f»r •Aging, eleaviag* aaA 
QuttlxvT* She laaQhinersr is largctly iBai^plieii hj iiolindors, 
^tootl^ola^ •? JasuBsn and £a]iX« Ciiristiaaia* Shore is ol««» 
trio li£^t at almoat all of the iailXa« as v«ll &« attohaniofti 
wonc»h0ps for repairs* Manjr of the mills* partiotii&rly in 
the aorthera regisa, ars Oiweani h^ Swodes* Side hjf aide, hew* 
eTer« -/ith the np^to-odate stesn eaimilis there are thro«ahout 
Russia Best primitit« sa^silla, erea whl^seiviag is «s^uite eesi« 
men* !l^ tetai pe^er emple^reri in the sai8a.i3Jl aiil wood^Oidiia^ 
iaaustriee of Bms@ia is not less than 100,(XK) horsepower* 
Hhile Kaaaia' I woodaaen are sJdULfol mA experieocNNI worlsers, 
th@re is no lai^ olass of sanmill werlOBeii in jiimsiA* fhis 
is « point that shavld he eeasidered in aziy organization of 
the i^jnirm lushar lMtx0tr|r« 

fhe total amineml oat froa all fer^stB of loropesaa 
Sassia lu in th@ ii«tisrhbo?hood of T,000, 000,000 oahie feet 
(a'ljoat ^$ hiUioa hoard foet or 140,000,000 teaa of wood)* 
If frea this amaaat is dMuotea the aaaaal eacport ameaatiag 
te 400,000,000 eabio feet (ahoat 8,600,000 toas) the reaiala&er 
is a heae ooassaiaptioa ef &, 000,000,000 emhlo f&et* fhie, 
with a popnlatioa of 118,000,000, giTSS a pcsr oaplta 
ooostaiptiea of €0 eahio feet* Sita$$ia*e aaaoal oeastssptioa 
of wood la eaermoas and it plan's a siore vital part ia her 
iadastrial lif# thaa ©voa in thia ooaatry* 



•as- 



Xi i» rumi. to » laif« extent as fuol for r&llronA 
l*««a»tiT98« it i@ 'tk& elii«f tu«l t9x \ik» matmXlwtgUwX itt- 
da^tvjr 9f tlM Uzml Hoimtiiilme «)3id otHor diatriot3{ it ia tie 
only fa«I f«r dAsiestlo pai^««8 of tlie l^urgest part of 
XA8Bi»« h9ia$ -asoA «Toa la ovdli lar@t oitiea «• JitsMW aai 
:PotrogrsA| ma& it Is tine 0omi«e of foiil for mnerovs X*m4 
wooft»iMiii^ iUiiu»trieii« XHO oartoiit of ^m nso of ir«oi la 
raUrofido mi& notaUmi^tial intustries, at well aa ita oeit** 
paimtlTe prioe with oth^r fuel (r<»di&Qo£ to the ettao oalorio 
wait)* sM&sr bo gat&ero^ from tlio ooooiap&ayiag ftia^ren, 'boy# 
t^'od fron itBaaifta soumea* 

Ufml ant aaft yroanfltlTo Qomoity qf fortiots 

A oosif ^ioom of t&£i ssmval ^^^^o^tlt siti amoal <sut. 
^r n^fo iE t^e iteiaina fomsto s&owo tMt at p.f^sHmt eiaj & 
fro«»tlon of the atiimaS. g'£*tiFt]| Id aottually laused* She r&ai'jott 
13 tliftt the %all£ of the forests i» loi^atea in regions tmt 
poorly ^lOTeloped «M with no mooao of trsiseport&tiom Aooord* 
tog to %%w statenoBt of the Hosaiaa si^iEiatr&tioa^ oslj' a 
small part of the eAxmfil growth eon nm %e aaeA ea «to«««»t 
of Imk of marlcet* She tsoaaitioa In X^W mm fts follows i 

1« Xa the state foroats of loropetta Bn^sia (over 9. 
forest area of 249»e09»fQ0 aoreel the ammatl growth wm 9*d 
euhie feet per aoro« of whioh oaly 61 per oeat^ or 6«S ouhie 
foot per aero esold he aotually aiaxlcoted wa& tiso&« 

ft« Xsi the state forests of the eausasas* with i»000»000 
asvee of foresf, imt 4*r .« ■no(^:-..si>i© yi©id of 30.S OT.bie f'^of pejp 



':m:^t . 'xr:i:''r -^i:^.. .m:u. ml...lsisM 



-"tjii- 






4S0 



400 



320 



80 



COiTSITTCTIOH 01? ALL KVmS OP ^WL BY F.ATLW/VYS, 
noTp«6neHi« B«1kx-b BMaoB-b TonnMsa 
men^sHUMH AoporaMH 

3tt 1900—1912 r.t'. 



Ap 



Me 



^Tb. 




flpOB« 



floM6( obckIm 






npoM ijcb pai OHoait 






Hc<tiTb, 



SKSS 



■SSST 



KaM«NHbw yiroflb 



fl(HeUKiM 



^c 



Kame 



flpi isa 






f 



AOK6pOBCI 



;^ 



-© 



KaMCMMjiM yro/ b 



MM yf >/it> 



TiT 



Me |)Tb, 



OMffCb paH UIOBV 



KaM«HHbtH yonb 



t^ 



nyAUBi>. 



720 



tt80 



640 



600 



560 



520 



iSO 



I trtfviA' • 



440 



400 



360 



320 



280 



200 



160 



1-20 



SO 



1900 r. 1901 r. 1902 r. 1903 r. 1904 r. 1905 r 1906 r. 1907 r. 1908 r. 1909 r. 1910 r. 1911 r. 1912 r. 

~" ~" KAPTorp 3AB ^ «i(nbMHA nr 






'^^ <c 



COMPARATIVE PRICES OF DIl^-FaREHT KINL^S OP FUEL 
KoiiefiKH. KoiiHflfcii. 



CONSUMPTION OF FUEL 

IN RUSSIA 
BY METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES 



rioTpe6neMie TonnHsa 

4)a6pMHHO-3aBOACKOR npOMblUJneHHOCTblO 

EsponieCicKOM Pocc'im 

(no OTflt/lbHblM'b paMOHaMTj). 

B-b 1908 r. 

(Bt uPpenoA'li 110 Tenjioiipou3BOiinTe.ii.iiocTH 
iia AOHCHKiii yrojii.). 




Koiief 
80 


KM. 


COMPARATIVE 


PRICES OF DIFFSPOilHT Elm 


S 07 


FUEL 


Iwill 


)Akh 
flO 










1 — 


1 




















67 


&4 






CpeaMin u^hm pasnMMHwx-b BnaoB-y ron/iHsa 
«a 1900-1913 r.r. 




."J* 








48- 










4M 










Mitt MM 


ut. yioji 
•nil yro; 


II.. 


wo op 


ill>llS*. 


Me or.Ti 


TMH. 






42 





























4r> 

42 


























/ 


30 


























/ 


3U 


































30 


















f 












30 


















^ 


V 












27 


24 

18 


1 

\ 
\ 












/ 




V 








1 / 


.»"*" 


24 

21 
18 
15 


\ 
\ 
\ 










/ 




\ 


^ 




/ 






V 


*^^. 
H 








-■ 


,-'' 


<k.^ 




\- 


y 






V 




•^flAU.-. 


. 


■^ 


t 








\ 


/ 








\ 




NWOO' 


3 


/ 




















12 


> 


i 






/ 




















12 




V 


fie,l 




/ 






^ 


v 








« 


.^ 


6 


v^ 


A 


> 


L.£:^AL 


/ 




^ 


.-^ 


\ 








-,».S>«* 


y 


9 

6 
3 


*v. 


!!n 


pji 


^ 


-— 


^ 


■*^ 




'•*««l^ 


aifiii 


«.„-*» 




qOA\- 


5^-^ 


«; 




























































































I9( 


ro r. 


1901 r. 1902 r. 1903 r. 1904. r. 1905 r. 1906 r. 1907 r. 1908 r. 1909 r 1910 r. I9M r. 19 


2 r. 19 


3 r. 



"^6 e^ ^ 



aotu&lXj U3e4« 

S« Zn %h9 3tat« fi»««t0 Of iSiteriA« witH sb oMMi tf 
M9, 79X^000 tt«3*9«« out of a poaalU.6 ;ri<»X(^ ^^ 4*4 oubie feet 
9«jr aof# oa3>7 49 par Q^^nt, or ^4 auMc f^et* «m& et«tiiMl3^ 

Umt Ito t)i« aot^aX EtiXl^atloxi 0f t]ii« Indian 'istate 
fOTOsis fall Wlm tkolr posaitt* mit la \mll nXimtm.%&^ fey 
the fellow l2ig flgtt?»» ef tl» laBdnat #f tlateojf a»sl:^iteft t« 
^ out aaA »«ti»allj eut In the ^m» 1913t 

8%«^t«. Jar tgf^ .Aaoaiit ©f tiai* .(^soimt of P®r dent 

l>e etit« sulilo feet* t'twlly eat 

au* ftt 

aanoainui lMt@70,§S0 a0t94g,7lie 1S«8 

4siati9 BasulJi l.lia^4»^.440 fge.lUMLagi 8>8 

fotal 9*$30,$S8«9&e I»»06»974,9ai 4E,7 

'1lttr« «Mft in «»•« £m» <»tlM»r fov«8ts tluKii fxwi ^t»M 
•mitA 1^ 1^$ ^tata« Imt %MB9 moiittt to «aly aluout. oas^t^irA 

of t%ie total f<»3!<oat 8k»a« Xa all for#ate nol uM^r esatimX 
of tHi ®ov$]!^»Be»t %lm eattla^ wao HeaTieiP tlum i& tl&OiO oimoA 
!>y the atato* Xn the f<^owlii^T table &m girim tiie eut pev 
s«rO nM th^ tot&l cmt is ihf> Uffirtmt klflda of tomstt 






^Sii*>; 






'MS3* a^eij 



Munifil extfe ia ouliio fleet per aiian> «ii i«t«l m 



ae.irtt 


t&otaX wi^ 


6.15 


l,S06.f76,00© 


10,75 


S01,fi67,fKK) 


11.13 


f8,8ef,000 


u^m 


910*405,000 


37*04 






7,a78,B0S,000 



81»t« fi»7«Bt 

Onwn forsst 
0«a»VB«l forest 
7®a«ftat forest 
rri"mt© forest 



fkm tli« S2m»il 0mt in Mmpmu WBam$M i» 8^«-at 
7,O0CipOOC»G<IO mhU fmt for tli» prot«4iti^ Um»% ImA 
f88ft«44&,000 mre'^)f or 19 tsuMe f«ii«t per aero* On ^mi 
•tli^r li^aa&« tii& total axismal gr^irtli f&r tlii» mmm mvm> Is 
•stln&t«a at 113,711«OOO,OO0 m%te fiMSt, «? abmit B$ oubld 
fiMi 9«iF MM* In 9thM9 miHLB, tli« onttlag la mm* f«r- 
••ts is a lX%n& m»e tHim dtt««-li&lf Of wMt is px^llita«A 

U tii« fOTDsta of Ablatio IttaaiA t^o i«ploit»tlstt 

is FVftetioallj ail, tesAly «B0ttatiiig t« «i dul^ls f«@t 9«p 
aore* 

A«9«3iSf tk&t «»»«ltftlf of t!$» imaiml gximtli 
(U«T11«000,000 ^rnHie feoti is 6«w»lof tlitHor, tHwre ia 
prodaoot aantifilly 6tSi§,500,000 mhU f@at of rnxth mt^ritOm 



.ih-^ifs a*?- 



ilglllt A |||p,.|i«WiTwyUQtt «f about &6 ouiblo t&et «f aaw lues 

wMoh y<;ouJUl atill It^ave @»7M»5ay»000 cubla X&n% a.'miXabXe 

iajT cuq^kOrW Jk>;£or@ tim mat th'& vmM ^&iX»Xt in «ai i^u».pesiui 
ooaatrine ^s^tli&r istiiKmziWa in lega to &ii<mt X^AM^OOO^OOQ 
QjoMo fe^t p«ir aaii!ia« Svsn tliougli tiiia deftsit dioaXA be* 
fiomo tltff««r tios^ o^ lairgA* still J^&n^aa ^iiaaju edoin e^ 



'M'rom tii9 vtiiizatioa stmndpoint the foreeta of Haeeia 
1«b4 th«ias«lr«s to a dlTleian into tiober raglons tributary to 
aoa porta or railroad o^atara. 7hue, tha Whlta Saa. aith ita 
ports, forsbs a Baturai outXat for tha tlabar of tha northern 
Baaaian provlnoas; tha porta on the daXtio Sea forsi an outlat 
for tha foraata Xooated In tha iialtio provinoee. EimiJuskrXy, 
tha porta on tha Blaok Baa, tha Aaor Saa, ai^ tha Caapian 'jea 
provida a cent a r toward whioh tha adjoining fore eta naturally 
gravitata. 

Oa tkia haaia tha f<»a8tB of 3i»«ia aira diridad into 
14 tiathor ragiona: 

1. ^ortham Eaglon (ArohaBgal and 7ol(^aj| 

2. iiorth Baltic nNigion iolonata, Horgorod, and patrograd) 

3. South Saltio ijagion (Sathonla, ^^iTosia, 0o«xland, 

iaJcoT, Saolanak, and VitohaJt) . 

4. Biaoan Hagion (Jewovno, Vilna, and Grodno) 

6. Yietula itagion > tuaaian i^-oland (Sivalki, iiotrlcow, 

itoauiha, Karaaw, Flock, Kalias, icialao, ^adoa, 
liiiblin, and Saidleo). 

6* Haglon of the l^irara Dniapar aM Psieetar SMoghilav, 
ainaJc, 7olhynia, JCiav, Gharnigov. rodolia. Base- 
arabia, Poltara, Ikatarinoalar, Kliaraoa, and Taarida. 

7. t^ral Hagion (Farm, Ufa, and Oranbarg) . 

8. Hagion of tha Upper Volga (Trar, laroalav, Koetroaa, 

and Tyatka) • 

9. Hagion of Central Volga (%ladisBir, tiiehny, Horgoroa, 

and iCasan) . 

10. I^agion of ^lOver Volga (Simbirak, Saaara, Saratov, 
Bfl», and Aatrakhan) . 



-30- 



« wS»ti^t&%-»^ 



. .:;|^5?s'Sr ^i»^?«€nti!». .^tmi^^^"') a-^f-^csc titsisM jI^s-o^ »t^ 



■'jxasBX* 



,'¥o-i6-iJ8-? ,jeis:a«iiafi: .ScxJttfi;. 



^jftiSl bi: 



IX* Tilt lBt«rior '^agion (Moteow, £iaaga, :{yat«B, ?«ns«, 
TAoiboT, Or«l, 7uIh, £:urak, 7oron«sh, and i^arkor.) 

12. The CavoasttS H«gion. 

14. Siberian Hegion. 

Tlui iTtB^er indUBtr;}!' abaj? Im» bast daeerlbad eeparataly 
for oaeh timbar region, isna sinoa tha northam region ie now 
the aioet i»pertant both fron the (standpoint of the United Eitatee 
aad our Allies and its eoonoaio Talae to fiuesia, it will be 
takes up in coaeiderable detail* 

1« a or t harp legion - Sovemsiente of Arehangel and Yologda* 

Charaoter of the timber . 

laropean soniferous for»et. Sootoh pine aitd spraoe 

predoainate. In the eastern portlois also lareh, fir, and '^oedar" 

{ Piaue oeabra ) ; in plaoee bir^, aspen, and alder. 

Area and oaynerghip 

The extent of the forest within this region and the 

eharaoter of ownerehlp are shown in the follewing table: 

M or them :^egion 

ier Cent 
I* o r e e t liL ;^ e a of 

All Total 

froTinge State Private peaaant Other Total !^n& Area 

A r e s 

Archangel 86,368,800 6 £10,600 671 66,647,300 44.6 

Tologda 74.689.600 £6.778 £.£46.900 1.690 60.662. 600 61.8 



-31. 



Mf ?^?SS SD' 






-Vviii* l»«*^ ,->:»v-.;a ,3l®ii« <»*0'*i?? -?f* S''»?***^l' 1' :. 



se-'HlTO'j'-s 






«X€- 



Th« lumber ln«nstary le mopt a9v»lop«« la tb© Gorem- 
awBt of Arohangel. Th© annual produation of th« ©aflwalllK alon* 
bag t»e«D y«Xtt«a at fro« .U3, 000. 000 to .U6, 000,000. H«re ai« 
located th» l«ri5«Bt nammille, eapioylng from SOO to 1,000 a»n. 
IB tho eor«rj3a»nt cf Vologda there sr© f«w«r «&«rmlilR, but 
tb« piaip iiiauJ»try fcae aiiown a percaptlble growth. There are 
a©t !»«» t>^r &0 »awailU« 1b tha r«gioE working »lth a total 
of about 200 fraa»«. ?!»©« tho mgim ie only sf&rBoly settled 
tv,era ie praotloaliy bo local aartet, oonsaqwentiy the sawalUs 
aro working chiotiy for export tr«a«. The priaolpal outlet for 
export 18 the port ©f Arohangai, the aotlvity of »hleh iuoreaees 
year by year. 
Future of tb« Sxport Traae lis the ^^ lon 

fher© oaa be no floubt that the timber biigjn#se win. 
In the Iforth, be ooaslderably ai^aented wheu th© virgin for- 
•Bts of the ^oremaieatB of Arehaneel audi Vologda beootae bet- 
ter toowu a»d ea3>Xoltet. Srerythlng point a to the preeumptloB 
that this exteneloD will be particularly reaarkable in the 
▼aet Tlrgla foreete which abound In the basin of the *llw&r 
S^etBohora. Thia laaenBe zone, whloh embraees upwards of 
S.SOO.OOO aore» of «oo4 fit for eawlBf ha« rejsalned intact 
until a few years ago, when an enterprising Swede, Mr. Udbeek, 
aetaired la the ?et«ohora basin 1,800,000 trunfcf: of rarlouB 
woods, with the exception of the PinuB ceabra. fhe oonoesBlon 
given to ar. Lid book hai» a duration of IS years. In addition 
to this, the firm of Oleea, Staape and Company acquired by 

eontraot in 1899 a stock of 1, 660,000 io^rs in *u^ 

* • *®S® m the eaiM watershed. 

•St. 



>i.Xlffl*-*- 



i-^t «i*-.: 



' 9M.'i.Bm 






^idtt«'S»> 



I-JMSS:. 



^&9« 



la&jLiea. 



?©csxs.«»iy 



^tc;jj,-!- 












fc%>d«i'j.®v 






flw gr«at«r part of th« oxport (aoro t|^ 75 p»r oent) 
«ae 8«nt to JSsijrlaad, i<'r«nd«» Balgiua, «b^ HolXand; th0 traceport 
is 9ff»«t«d by fit«a!ii»r« &n4 mailing &biipe, ii^iiok reaoh «M8t«rK 
>^«ropd 9]r tho 9hlt« ^9m, Xim Aroti9» aisd Ml ant la 0«4»a&B, going 
arouid the SoandlnaTlan i^oalnstLla* 
ISliaoseloaa faared 

the dilaiansions odT the wood eiawn at ths iooal siawnlile 
vary; tho ttalokaesa variss froa i" to 3", and th« width froa 7" 
to ll**, ^Itli a alDiatuB Xtrigth of 3 foot { Oriega) . flio plazULe. 
aooordlBg to t^lr dlaaeaslona^ boar dlffereat naaoe; tho aoet 
OMMOfi la the ourroot sorting at ArohafigoX aro tlteeo of a^tklok 
by 7* 59i4«, ai^ froa 10 ft. to SO ft. long, ioaowa as b&ttope . 
ttte ghort«r piaaike froa £ ft, to 12 ft. long aieo ooaiag froa 
Arobaagi^i, aaa of th« saao t$iiokAO@s ae tho |ur«e«di&g, bat froa 
9** to 10" wide, bear tbo a&m of dlieia : the j^aalce 11" asd up«> 
warie wide, asd S"* thialc and 10 ft* to tQ ft. lo^ are ealied 
deala or aortovita ; finally, m&dor tbe naae of boarde . are in* 
olttdod all tbaae pleoea of tbe saae length il^wlde and 3/4" tbiok 
SlKee of Xio^g Cut 

It In bat a ehort tloa ago that the mamniHe only eat 
up trees ffleasoring at the top at least 10", and haTisg a length 
of 28 ft. I bat at the present tiae aaay sawalXla do not disdain 
to aaw np smaller trees, aaasnrlng ?'* or 8" at the t^p. In 
fjplte Of the yarioue laproveraeflts in raichlnery «mioh have been 
iBtrodaced in the aills, only abent bb per oect of the sawn 
wood is ntillsed, the resaaiaaer bein^ eonsidered *« arefttise, end 
eold looally for fael. 

-33- 






.i4a.«i.i ;^£V£«12*2:S 



•j^i^«B»vef,'f»i ^mil%»^ ads \Q #^1;^« 



Th6 work Xb generaXIj^ ooofidad to natirti worJrattn* 
although iix tho northern part of tho Gorenmeiit of Arohang*!, 
«h«ro the population le oxoaedingXy eparee, it hae boon found 
naottesaxy to bring in laborers tron outside, for the ooet part 
iiihabltants of the Coremaectfi of Oloceti and Vologda, and eren 
of PlJBlaad. 
Wortaep'a Oooparatives 

One of the moPt ordinary iraye of suoiattlng the work 
in the nor the xu region ie the following: The 9orkaen i^ign col- 
laotirely in gange a oontraot is ths fona of a letter, aooordisg 
to the taraie of v^leh thej s^M^r ther^selTee responsible ae a 
body, not only for the eaceoution of the work oontraoted for, but 
for all violations of the ooi^itionii stipulated by the Etate* 
laeh urood-outter receives a workman* e book, in whloh are in- 
seribed the oonditionc impoaed. The reoruiting; of these a»n takei 
plaee at Arehangel and at tologda, either during the sua^er eeaaox 
or during the autuan in the month of Septea^er, after the auetion 
sales. Th@ organization of the workmen in orewe is fairly oub- 
tozaary in thi@ region. Saoh erew ohooeee fre» aaongst ite oeiBberfi 
a leader, to whom Ib oonfided the making of all the arrangotaents 
between the orew and the oontraotor he reoeiTeg ai? aoapansation 
an additional gthare of the profits* 

fhe great eearoity of traotion aniaals in t^ oonntry 
obliges the oontraotors, alraoet ererywhere, to provide theauielTee 
with horeee fron outside, whloh adde Tory oonelderably to the 
expenses of exploitation. 



..34. 






't« S^«S?, - ^"iMil 15^9 tSJOffii,. S4.t iC^ ^; 






i.tf1tS^:ti s^: 



i^'L ^•J&!5 i * £ i^'iiei 



^ iri^iOil^- 



(S©14.^r^r, 



^^■IfA.^a'.ia^je "i'luftv aJ!>:s 



s.£i;»'4i^il> '^ 






«'«i}'i» ii« - 



f4il#«>#iOi.q:*;® t© mm-< 



{ f --> 



Tiui work is ao»t froquentlji' paid by ttm pleoo, and 
basad OB tl&e nu»ber of i.o^ gottoc out; the xtnaabor of these 
rariee aeooz'dliig to tbe oonditions of the work; aaei the nature 
of the eoustry, froa 70 to 300 loga per i&an for the winter 
oajspaigQ. The w&gae are paid iJi oash, out it frequently 
happens that the woriQaen take a part of their wages in fo<^ md 
other goods, fcurnl^hed to them at the etoree organised by the 
ooBtraetore. The wages are ^ecaraXIy paid is three icetaliaents - 
oa^»third as a deposit when the vmn are engaged, a&d the rest 
before axtd aftar the floating, is those oaeee where the easee 
isQrlumn imdertake thl« additional operation* Wages paid by t^ 
month, week, or day ar« eeoiparatlTely rare* 48 an indication 
6f the avera^ prioee paid for g^etting out log® la the SoireraGaenta 
of Aro^angel and Vologda, {inoiuding the drirln^ out of the loge 
within a distanae of about 7^ %llefi) aay mrr& t^e following table i 

gjge of Itoige 



Iisngth 

in 
feet 



19 to 



Grreateirt 

d iaoae ter 

in 

inofaee 

nearly IE 

« 13 

14 

1& 

*» 16 

H if 

18 

li 

20 



G07. of 

4 rehan ge l 

.20 

,32 
.34 
.40 
.4£ 
.44 



SOT. Of 

Yoleirda 

I .2E 
.£3 
.27 
•£9 
.94 
.96 
.39 
.40 
.45 



-«^ 



I A^0») pin 









IW»T Camp 

?h« Xit'e odT th« wood -auttttnt In th« northsm r«elons 
in not «zaiJiE« that Ib o/ot liEuili>«r «««pe of the nertheafit. In tho 
absoRoo of aay kabitabXo osntftr, the^r g«n« rally IIto la temporary 
•«i|»8 hastily oonatmotod . Thay haro to lay la prorif ion» for a 
aore or laaa long period. Ilk eartain r«gloa8, the foJLa 3istriet, 
for oxftapla, t^ zuiarast viila^ it; froaai 11& to ISO silas away. 
fh9 lioroas are sholtarad in aanii oovared aGaXosnreft, tHe forage 
la ooiJLootad in advacoa dsrlsg %ha tmmamr 1b tha Helghborlng 
fie id a, or Is bronglM; ap darlajr tha irlntar In sialgha. 

I^ha faw etmd» ^ioh axlet are QiOf>tIy lo a bad etato, 
and aaii only ba mROd daring a portloa of th« yaar. A oonpldarabia 
part of tha aovex^oiaetit of Arohasg^i.X&poiiia a&d tb# raglon of 
Fataohora, for ezaa|a.a, possaaa »o other aubsauB of traneport 
than the rlrare. 

j^Qg Driving aad Haftlag 

Tha aoat iietportaat rlrara for floating In the region 
are: Tha i or the am Bwlaa (with tha foukhona, tha Yaga, the 
Yytohegda, and i laaga) , the Onega, and Tyg, the Meeon, the £ea, 
tha Lor®t, tha Korda, tha TeuXoffia, and the Fetsehora {f^t|i the 
Xmja, the Tsiiaia asd the £oi,Ta) . 

l*loatlng tha northejm sone oo^aaieiieee generally at th^ 
end of April, bat In oertaln regions, the JCola penlnanla, for 
imstanoe, where the breajL--ap of the loe taJcas plaoe later, ^hf 
oanpaign does not op&n till the middle of May and ^oou^tiaea tha 
beginning of June. ?he tlse daring whloh it lasts Tarlaa eon- 



•36. 



«^Ti;«1; 90>-i 



■ mm® "i&^i&s.i ■ iXixm i- 

9«2$99IOi9 



^m» 



%%t^^ii. 






sldarably, and dspsndst on thtt diptano* «^iah the logs k«re to 
traireJ., ae well as on %h& floating oozidltloaf! or the rlTore. 
Or the lierthera Dwixia, over a dlstiutoe of nctarly JL»000 mllttc^ 
th« Boason lasts froa one to two and a half aionths. IB tha 
£ola dlstriot floating by the HlTore Jlota, ^.ota, and th« lakee 
Hotozer ana Touloaa (orar a aig-tanoe of 76 to i£0 milae only) 
iB Bpraad oror froaa two and a half to thraa months in eonB«»qtt«£Q# 
of tha nniBoroue falls «hioh ara ioot with in tha rlTera of Xiaponia, 
and is not eoapletad till tha baginning of Augaet ox tha aiddla 
of Saptesatbar. The QXim&Xio oonditionp at thfS oaginnlng of tha 
bad waathar ara r^rjf imfaTorabla to floating in tha dietricte 
of Soroka and Kam in tha Goverximent of Arohangel. It eooaatl^oa 
bBOOimB naoesaary to haul out tha logs and to leave tham on tha 
banks nntil tha following spring. 

On tha ©Ball rivers the floating ia oarriad oat sithar 
by singla logs or ^f email rafts, containing froa BO ie ISO loga 
aaoh; 10 or 20 of thdsa rafts are aotiplad up together to aiake 
tha trains. At tha points whara tha varlona tribntaries join tha 
aaain rirar tha loga ara oolleotad into trains of coneiderabla 
eises. For tha floating by single lege on tha esoall rirorg a 
bar is eraoted at the jnisotlorj of tha riTera to prerent the 
imtar recounting at tha tiaae of the foXio^lng freehat. There 
the logs ara gathered together in trains froa HCO to 1,600, and 
even «p to 5,000 j^iaoea eaoh, whioh are dii^patohed towards tha 
sawBdllB. On the big rir^eB the train© of loga are generally 
to«ad by tnga. The loga are oeoaaionally towed in the form of 



^7- 






-ts. 



jTdm for "kooholft") , oon^lBtiog of a maBa9r of Xoirs attaohed to 
eaoh othor, vhlch form a eort of fra«i for tho floatod wood. This 
flwtnea of gathoring the logs tos«thor le of ton adoptod for oroaa- 
ing tho liilcse of iho whlto f^oa. Ob tha 8oa tho loga, of ^leh thia 
kind of raft le bnilt. aro bound to^othar by a« iron oliain paeaod 
through holoa borad in tho oads of tho transcB, fug boata are 
gen* rally In aaa <m the northern Dvina, bat they bare aleo bees 
eaployad for eoae tiae part on the Tetaohora, and 9r9n on the 
Toul(»»a, and in the Kola Chilf . Tba trains of etaaller loga are 
battled by hand by m^miv of a eaprtan plaoed en a sei^urate raft 
anohored in front, and ^1^ ie adraneed ae th» floating proveeda. 
A» regarde the loee of l^e anffered in the operation of floating, 
it doe« not as » rtile ea^eed one ^r cent; it leay, howeTOr, in 
oertain eaues beoooe more eerloiui, for exajsple, en the White Sea 
flosttinge, and partiettlarly on the ^olotitea, on the Konia, and 
on l^e Kada. This is dne to tho faot that the northera shore of 
the White Sea oontaine neither inland e nor bays to serre as a 
shelter againet etoras. the traiae toeed iaolude ordinarily &00 
to E,000 l0|[8, and soaMitiaee 0,000 in the I.OTda distrlet. 

fhs priee paid for the i^rk of floating Tar lets eon* 
slder&biy. In the distriots where aonthly pay is the eastwa 
the workmen earns froa ^^ to |13, ^ttt in the aoremaant of 
Arohangel the arerane is $8*50 per aieoth, with fo^ fxtrnlshed 
by the oontraet^ • The average a«sthly wages earned for float -» 
ing to 4rohangel the logs ooming froa the Vologda Goremaent 



-33. 



im 



Jij j1©&& 



i> iff »&"»". 



lMr» $8 moA vary from f6 to flB; for th« floating by tl» Volga 
the aTeragfl ro&ohes t8.1§. Tlw worJt 1& ftlt'O of ton paid for bjil 
tb« pieoo, «t 90 anoli par log fXofttoA. 

the are rage oofit for the transport of a log la to tha 
eawBilll yard In tbe Arohan^l OorertiBwct say be eetinated at 
IS ee»t8 tmH thA expeBt>ee rar^ betweoc ' .OS and 30 eeztte per 
lo§, aoQordlBg to the length of the jotimey, whioh is so»e* 
tiaide as mueh a« 560 allee. The float lag by the 'fhite ^ea of 
tha logs got ont from tho neighboring forectts le rmrj ooatly; 
it aaesitte to 16 cents per log froa the GovemaMiiit of Volofda 
to the town or Arebafigel, for a Aletaoee rarylng hetweets 300 
and 1,000 alios. 

The best lo$»a»n are those on the Ortega, ^ho exeel 
In getting down »ingl© loge mi %im email water ooursee. fhis 
▼ery AwsigeroQe ooonpatlos demiiBds, piirtloularly In the north, 
exeeptlonal 8^111 • 



-39. 



-ts ^^#«fi?^; . . ..... .>f?«f»S 



-«S- 



Z. north italtlo aftglon (01on»t«, Horgorod, ana ^•Xro^rnA) 

Ctoraotgr of Forest 

faoteh plna aod ppn^oe preaominate. In the govera- 

a«ats of Fetrcgraa and 01oa«t« pine ana spruse ar« about 1« 

equal aaoastis} blrofe aasa a«pon In mixture. Cionetis has leee 

tjlreli ana aepen but »ors pine %iiaB petrograi. 

Area &M r)^t>arphlp 

?fce extent of the forest within tbls region ana the 

oharaeter df oitnereulp are ehowc in tba following table: 

'•r% ir% » t Area /ftf 

Cent 

of 

total 

Aii laa* 

rroTinee ^tate rrirate feasant Otl»r Total are* 

4 « r a • 

Oioaets 12.0a2,400 i.06E,a00 E.iaT.SGO U6,400 18.477,300 47.e 

gOTgoroa 4,041,e00 8,268,500 1. 72^,700 646,000 14,869.000 5S.9 

ietrograd 9&6.gQ0 4.003.700 lao.lOO .41 ,E0q . 6,131,S0P 50^ 

17,080,700 13,324,400 4,041,100 831.600 35.277,800 §0.4 

The lai^er lna«8try i» vex^ liaportaot iu iiie region. 4t 
soaa pia3e» alaoet the entire population l« engaged in it. fhe 
ina-astry ie e«ntered prinoipaUy in ?etrofr«d and Hovgoroa. The 
eawmlilB of this region are gsaaiier than tho«e in %m Bortbem re- 
gion, l-hey woric both t© .ieet the ntaedu of tbe oity of i-etrograd 
itti tbe lae^eaeing aleaana for ssmufactured Inaber froa abroad • 
geeiaee eawaiUe aeea Te«eer plants, the priaeipal eooa-ueiiig 



-40- 






r%£ qiMi&'k9s:mi %k '16^«MS%«)4» 



.?,oea,\. 



,4 ■;;-i ;j¥ ?^4 '^^-i- ^ 

•^r?swa a.i; -i^sii tii it^ *»0« 'w^.'^i- .uOi^ 



iaiv«tri«B ar« bos itlriBg, manafttotiir* of oxodieior, tlos, 
mixm props, and oordwooa. tbore are sot i«88 than 2£,000 
irood.«ork«rB dcgagod In the kcm$ indue try. voodoswara, 
foroitttrt), agrioultiural iijQpi.«»»ntEi, and wagoni; aro tbe otolaf 
artiolof! prodoooi. 9ith tto oon9truoiion of tho railroad tr^ 
iotro^rad to Voi^da, the iBsbor Indttstry has reaolTod a now 
Ittpotas. Thoro art Boao Iraportatione to iotrogr&d from tho 
Vletttla ration and yioloai* Vtliat haapors tho dorolopaeat of 
tiM JLaobor Induat rjr in t>ii« region i« t)ia poor oondition of 
tho drivaOle atroasMi aM roads, and laok oX orodlt to tho 
will o^rator* 

3. Socth Baltic aogjon (^st^o&la, Iiironia, Conrland, pokor, 

S^olonekiy. ant Titobok) 
Charaotor of Foreet 
Sootob pioo and &pruoo prodoeinato* In Eethonia, 
Xiivonia, and irekOT ihoro is aa isooh pino ae thoro i« epruoo. 
lu, iji9,t,onfJt spraoa pr«^4oalnatoe, in Yltotosk, pino. 
Araa and Oimorahip 
fh» oxtont or tho forsst «ithi& this ration and tho 
•haraotor of owno^^hip aro shown in tho following taOlot 



•41. 






r4i©i»l«sfii.fe' ,4E--i- 






■-^iw'iq 



I <? a iA**«i '-i if ,^*!^*« i 



-i3;&Aai: :, 






, ini'&iet 



.•v.s^sieqe xi-i 



aisM^t^ii^^^^fi.. 



't^ Htft!?®^'^ 



5^# t^a^.i^irgs&TI si: 



^ft-©^^ ** ^ fi T 



.■a-t««5«f^© 



• i.^ 



Forest 



Frovlno« 8tat« Private 

4 o r • « 
Sstlioala 6.300 832,700 

liiTOnla 326,800 1,810,100 1,700 

Ooarlaaa 752,800 1,172,300 100 

Vitebsk 473.600 2,178,3CK) 21,900 

Saoiansk 231,600 2,&06,800 401,900 

pslcoy 182,600 2,686,600 67,000 

Total 1,971.600 11,086,800 492,600 



. r e a 






per 
oent 
of 
total 




All 




land 


peasant 


Other 


Total 


area 



18,600 866,600 19.2 

79,300 2,216,900 21.2 

6,900 1,931,100 29.6 

7,200 8,681,000 26,9 

64,500 3,194,700 24,6 

61,600 2,287,700 29.0 

226,900 13,777,900 26.1 



fhim region in ohiefly isrportant not so amah beoauee of 
proSuotion of linger as on aoaount of the trade in li3^ber» Most of , 
the liamber shipped from varioae points in Hn^sia used to go tluroofli 
Uga, whioh was the largest lumiaer port not only in Europe but 
probably in the entire world. T'ne industi^ is centered near liga 
and its suburbs, ^^ers thousands of ^n «rere en^iged in the de- 
liyery, j^shaping, and shipping it abroad. Famiture iwaJcicg 
and tbe i^unufaaturd of aorJt are also developed, espeolally the 
latter. Within tJ^te last 12 yoars the sawoiills have nearly doubled. 

':.iTOBia iff aa Important oenter of tbe luaiber ladugtry. 
ii^sthonia and Cour land hare not developed any iaportant wood-u^ing 
industry. Eaoleiuik has 71 saws&ills employing over 2(K)0 aen; ot^ei^ 
wood^aslng Industries of the faetory type are only poorly develop. , 
ed. CM ths other hand the hoise industry in tiaber is «reil aavanoea 



-42 






on?, I :'0X,Oi«*i 008, ^s &lmrU 



i.^\>;^-l^vi %:^'' 









t' '..i.-riii* ■SK*4' 






iX "^ f -J. 3 ft;!»; J-t ,A - 



> w .». u ^i' y '-• J V t' : 






wagons and ooopejnige ar« the A08t inportajat. In thle region 

th« private forests pr«!(ioEaisat&; they have been greatlj de- 
vastated; the timber is expeneive; the aeane of oosufiunio&tion 
very poor. During droughte the navigation and floating of 
rafts on the Western Svina U)d its tributaries ae well as on 
the rivers of the JDneiper basin beoooe diffioult on aooount 
of sand bars. 

4. Hieaan Hegion (Jtovno, Vlina, and Grodno) 

Sharaoter of Forest 
Conifers predeainats. In Grodno and Tilna there is 
sore pine than spraoe* In iCovno spruoe exoeads pine. The 
eonifers hare an adiai:£ture of aspen, bireh, and also oak. 

Area and omtershiy 
The extent of the forest within thi? region and the 
eharaeter of ownership are ^own In the foilovrlng table: 



7 9 r • 8 t 



r e a 



i^easant 



Ail 

Other 



fotal 



province State Private 

A r e s 

Some 447,800 1,181,800 .... 4,700 1,634,300 

Vilna 718,100 1,416,100 48,800 2,100 2,184,100 

Grodno 1,069,800 9^0,900 18,000 IS, 200 E, 097, 900 

Total 2,235.70© 3,S87,800 66,800 26,000 5,916,300 



Per 
oent 
of 
total 
land 
area 



16.8 
SB .9 
23.6 
Sl.O 



-43- 



m'.-: ■[!^%&f^9&& &«« gaiO'gJBW 



am ,llC': 



:.7<Ta !!S»i44- lint's iJ»1iOK 






Tim .LaabT laauetry 
71i« iBdatstry is Important in aany pia<M«^ ^J^ |^«at 
deal of raw acd soat «aaKfaatared material ie ahippdd abroad; ttaa 
poorer graAos reaalB at bosM for iooaL iMade. JbiepaolalXy davelopod 
is log drlTlBg and floating of paXpvood on the rirere liaman and 
Yilva to the weod-ueing eetabilehaeBta and pulp aills in Germany. 
A groat meoAj ties are saade in the region. The Xooal eawaille work 
only for local aarkieta. On tb«i i^ole the eawalll industry ie not 
well dOTeloi^d, nor are large wood-ueing eetablinhsaonts. There are 
aore sen engaged in the hoa» Indvetry than in faeteriee. The great 
dr&whaok is that on the rivers Vistula and Tiina within the jiiesian 
^®r^9r there ars no iTimber yards, Jiuesia^ luiaberaen ionet thez«- 
fore ship their produotB direet into Sereaan territory, where there 
are eplendid wo<>d yards and other conTenienoea, but thia plaoes 
tha liaeseian luis^ertiien entirely at the s»eroy of %h» 0eraan trader 
in luB&ar* 

5, yistnla ."Region (Suwalki, Piotrkow, josaeha, irsaw, I'lftok, 
anesi^ roland £aliB2, Kielee, ^adoa, Jauolic, und Saidlee) 

Charaoter of XhM Joreet 
3eaa-e»a of the poverty of the soil, pine predominate* 
In alsiogt all theae goTernaente« i<aroh, epruae, and fir (in the 
scuthem portion of the region) ooour only in tJb» governaente at 
iiotrkop, £:ali««, and Suwalki. Oak oooupiee 2 per eent of the 
produetlre forest land • Among ether broa&leaf epeoies are beeoh, 
ash, saple, and. syoaaore. 



-44- 



;>syrfeai .ct ^iwo 

idea's »eT ,n$t%&is>»\ at su^s 






Ar^a and Omariihly 
Tb<i axtsat of tii« for<»at vithia this region moA tlm 
ohaiaet«r Qf ommrship mm ekown in tm folXo^JLag taole : 



j^rorlao* 


stata 


Prirata 


A r a a 

All 

raasaot CJthtr 


Total 


par 
oant 

of 
total 
iaad 
area 




A 


era 


a 








Sixnrall:! 


493,700 


U4,700 


S8,400 


U,300 


648.100 


21.6 


XMVka 


«T9,700 


8I»4,«00 


26,000 


100 


560,000 


23.0 


w«rM» 


XSS.OOO 


318, SOO 


3S,§00 


100 


509,900 


12.3 


no9k 


54,800 


169,400 


19,900 


8,600 


240,700 


10.8 


£ali#9 


79,400 


847,700 


3f,S00 


111,800 


478,100 


17.4 


FletrJcow 


174. €00 


S!>4,100 


57,100 


s,eoo 


5£^,6(K} 


17.7 


!te«aB 


S0f,900 


4SS,$00 


74.500 


11,400 


828,400 


87 .S 


Sii9l9» 


gl6,S00 


144,600 


38,900 


9,S00 


^9, SOO 


21.2 


tjahUk 


97,000 


5S8.600 


1S9,800 


14,@(K} 


600, eoo 


19.9 


faldlea 


89. goo 


406.100 


124.300 


160.000 


77V .800 


22 .a 


Total 


1,&SO,@00 


3.030,300 


571, SOO 


3S5,400 


S,878,a00 


19.3 






7^ Q^i^r Z^Vti 


mj. 







Tiia lii»SMr ladu^tT;^ sus^ 900d»asl»g flsitts are wall 
ddvdiapaa; tha j^rM^aat la a^stly soBsiiusai. l^oallj. f^ra are l9Ltg9 
forAlturs faatofi«s doiploylag fra<a .^00 ta 1,000 w^rkm&ixi tha 
@p«oi^t]r Is h%k»fradi« l»<3st fQ^eitUi^ mnd. pAcquBt* a«ir« alae ia 
ona of t'i«> largaet fast or las of wood^s aalla smA ir<3a«laa laata. Sa 
felaad alona t}»ra ara 7.0C^ paaaants angagad iii tha riUagaa la . 
ti» aaaufaetm'e of woven aad splint I»a8k«ts aad oiMr oontainana. 

Th9 ragioEi la tn naad of as aarly o.>«struotlon of ttea projaotad 

-46- _ ^ 



sk^}fij> Ht^'V 



mi9 



ya<Ej,^* ooi^,«s.A ^>a#,^4 ooOjfs 



*ik%ii*j 



»«%t^ ..ci'i-^ijv^i^^ Oii#,»fe& Qif®^*V<i «fiji5&,i«4^w,,fc i?0«^^4^« ^ jL ^^«f»',(' 






eaaal w^ilah would eoazMot tte» rlT«r IIaoms irith tha port* on 
th« Baltio Saa, time onftbllng tho «hi]aHiitt of Xmati»»r dir«ot 
to SugiUiod liiir«««d of ««ndla§ it tbroc^li th« PrttOfiiaii aUdlo^ 
ffiflts. Tho iadufltr^ ffuffora booattse of the faot that th» best 
tiabor ie 8««t to $«rn«a7: <m th« otlior hanA tMre lb a laok 
of harawooAo, ooiMteiaXi; of baeejh, ifhl&h in Aonandod ia lar$o 
gaastltioe at tho faeiorloe of bant fuxvituro. 

6- .^»glbi^ bf tbo aiygrg JBaaii>or and ppiostor (Ma|;hSl0T, iiUaait, 
folhynia, X1«y, Oh«r«lgor, jrodoiia, ^osearabia, 
roitava, KicaterluoisXaT, jghdrson, an<! TattriAa) 

gharaolNir of yproot 
la the noftibem jta^t epruoo pr&&9mia»%mn^ fomiae 00 
T*ar e««t of all tb» foroet* not wmth plao. fiwro ar^^ still 
largo t^«»titio8 of oak, tlio oxport of whlah is growj 



fko oxtent of tfeo fojroat wltfeia thig r«gioE and tbo 
oharaotor of ovnorsliip axa «ho«a in tbo folloiri2% tablo: 



«46. 



•if? .a!'.'!' ':70'^' -^?5tr?'s Ittcs-C:'! 



^^fyUr&^^ %'' diii^ „ - -.i.aY^-ii-;:a« ,^^,Jv5\iL 



'TS.ams-© 



fo>«»t A T • m 

frorlBo* Stat* Prirats 

A • r • 

Mo^illCO 2VS,400 £.217.700 

MlAlk 1,880.000 7.U0.800 

Jili«V 518.000 1.419.000 

OhamigoT £T£.600 1.249.800 

?od&l«a ££3.800 775.900 

Volhynla 1.108.100 3.878.400 

feltara 36.100 484.800 

S]catarino8laT36.400 369.100 

JQaaraon 111.100 148.600 

Jaaaarabia 86.400 187.900 

Taurlda 173.400 343.000 
fatal 4.099.600 17.869.600 

Tha i«Qfflit>er Induetry 
This at pr«8<ftQ,t ia oca of tim aoat iaporttmt oantere af 
tlia liuOiar industry anA tlia tlabttr traAa. Tha matorlal in nma far 
both heme oonaaaiptian and more distant oarkats. .^oma roiuid tiakar 
is aant abroad, bnt the bulk ia 9vn9 up into boarde, box matarial. 
exealslor. and iaatali«oed{ e«paoi»Xly deveXopad ie thB aaanui'aotara 
of Tanaar. Thara ip alao a graat deal of ^rood dietiUation. the 
largaat wood dlfftiliation plant being looatad la thia region, fhera 
are not lane than 30.800 peaoante engaged at home in the atanafaat- 
tare of wooden prod uot a --tuba, woren and aplint baeJtete. agrioui- 

-47- 



k r • m 

l>aaaaat 

• 

670.000 


111 
Otter 


Par 

aaat 

of 

total 

lana 

Total area 


81,100 


3,801,800 


88.3 


67.500 


16.400 


8,473,700 


40.7 


6.600 


88.800 


1,994,300 


16.8 


871,600 


38,700 


1,686,600 


16.8 


• • • • 


18,700 


1,048,800 


10.4 


8.900 


83,700 


4,704,100 


88.3 


98,900 


13,300 


676.800 


6.0 


178.400 


10.300 


688,800 


3,8 


23,800 


9,800 


292.000 


1.6 


68.400 


489.800 


668.600 


6.8 


866.800 


348.800 


1.186.700 


7.7 


1.643.800 


964,800 


84.476.900 


16.1 






QOf,M '-wi/v^.^^,, .„.,_^.„,, 

00#.,Slf.. .,.*,,..w^ 0#J^«6^.^ , 

imn,m m^^mi ocu^ix* .i^e-xs 

f>0#,as oot,tsi »x*»as *i«j^i*e«9L 






tttrftl iapXeownts, and wagone, Th«re ara about 11,000 o&binat- 
■MaofS alone among the workers engaged in thle home industry. 

?. Dral Region (Perm, Ufa and Orenburg) 

Charaoter of fha gpreet 

Frinoipally pine and epruoe forests. In pl&ooe «lLbo 

fir In mlxtTire with spruoe and cedar ( Plnmn ooiabra ) . Oak la 

abnndant In Ufa amd Orenburg* 

Area and Qwnerahlp 

The extent of the forest within this region and the 

charaoter of ownership are shown In the following table: 

Ural Heglen 

Forest Area i eroent 

of 
total 
All land 

Provinoe State Private Peasant Other Total area 

Acres 

perm £6,266,800 13.268,600 3,605,600 2,971,100 46,108,100 67.2 

Ufa 2,532,600 3,691,800 988,300 43,100 7,254,800 26.0 

Orenburg 637,100 1,937,800 4,265,100 8,700 6,838,700 16.1 

Total 29,436,600 18,888,200 8,848,000 3,022,900 60,196,600 38.9 

The Lumber Industry 

Although the luBd>er Induetry le not the largest in- 
dustry in the region, it is of oonelderable importance, because 
of the !Qetallurgioal industry t^iah depends on the timber re- 
Bouroes of the region. There is a number of sawmills the out- 
put of which are boards, etarea, boxec, exoeieior and parquet 
are the other products of the region. The iaanufaoture of 



-48- 









■8 k M* . f^^JH?!.^ ' ''''^^•' 






.:;ftffe*i.S,f. .'.•t?0»'X 



9<t^j'" ^ai^i'To'S.'^ 






\ 

\ - il^iw 



trunJcft and the wood pulp tnduetry ar« also deyeioped to a 
oonslderabXs axtent* Th« wood diatlliation industry Is very 
eztennive — oharooal, wood aloohol and tar, being the main 
produote. The peasant workers, of whom there le a large 
nuiaber, are ei~<gaged in wagon making and cabinet work. The 
produote of thie region are partly ooneuiaed locally and partly 
sent by water to oitlee alongr the Uy&rst Volga and Kaua. Pome 
of the product is even sent to th© Siberian markets, l^oently 
Borae caaterial has been eent to Archangel and Petrograd for ex- 
port abroad. The forests eiont exploited are those belonging 
to private owners and to the fining Bepartfaent. The Covemiaent 

forests proper could be developed to a large extent if there 
were good roads. 

8, -legion of the Upper Volga (Tver, Yaroelav. KORtrom, and 
Vyatka) 

Oharaoter of foreete 

Pint* and spruoe forests in d,bundance. isiixed with 
them are biroh, aspen, alderj alpo oak in the southern part. 

Area and Omterghip 

The extent of the forest '.«?ithln this region and 
the oharaoter of ownership are shown In the following* table: 



-49- 






r.asj X »-,>«. 



■i>®*-i6<S[»S. anJt^ 



^.^O'i fc?Ov« 






. q;ie« .fie--. 



— 'f t** 



F ir t a t A r » & 

All 2;o~ 0^ total 

rrovlnoe -vtut© ij-vuvt* .««aaat oth#r ttil ^^^ bx9& 

A c Jf <? ^ 

Sver i,018,;500 SjMStOiv:. -^>;^,«^»,w ....'» .^, .,.,,«, TOO 24.1 

laroislaT §3^,100 1,819,100 119,000 &m fi,M3,00Q $0,1 

■Kon%TmB. 4,9Bd»700 4,181,000 4E0,600 $14 @, 419, 700 46.6 

Vy&tka 10,4tfi,800 1,861, ©00 3.1»4,£0 ^08 Xg,S01,SOO 41.1 

l^etal 16,709,400 10, £09.700 S, 935,800 E,658 31,180,700 38. fe 

©le l«iB2b»3r ladmstry i» sot «#7«l0|*ed ■ajalfoxKily tbrtstsgh* 
<m% thm 3r»^ion* Xa s^m® pl&e^a it i@ lb® nain oeintpi^tl^ «f 
tfe« ^tlr» p@piJ|,«iti0B* Sawiilljs atr© beiag d«iv®l0|(«ll ra|>iaiy} 
B&ehia^ ln^or i» ©rowAlng out Mmma labor, bM witfcija. th© 
last f@w sr6ii3r9 tkero haQ 'h«»%n & e^sMiiAernlnl© ixier««t3e in %h(B 
mmiktat «f f&citorl<ia> bo*^ larg« axtti 8»»ill» Xa the SdirfttWBaiit 
9t m^tv^mtk WMt^^ are ««-v»r«l wood-^usiag' j^lAttte mtfX^ia^ 
OY«r 100 mta. i'cmt of stll are a«v®lop«d th« -^cwd-uaiis^ ia- 
(iu&tri«0 of the p»aiia»t wo7ker«»« ^i%.9 oM@f protiiiot i^i^ w<»&a«Bi 
watxis^ aup@« apxmii, footitnoar m&Se of bast, &i^3 bsust ropos* 
Sh« r®aa<«i far tSw* V!!=^i«tjr «:^ tlio lm'uatri«ii 1» A^« to tit© 
vi^i^t^ ot th« A-v^Xt^ble tunb#r. lUioh oi? the tix^er la £l»o 
tuuid .foi> 92^ipt»ujlld'ii3g ana £u2%iittir«» mio w«eft»!3aiiig in^ 
dmstri©a ar« oainible of griiat ciavelopiaeBt if tfeer® were 
$t^& Tm&n^ more r&ilro«Ul.a, ana if th« ttrlTst.'l^l© aj9& sftfi-* 
g£i,bl« rlTQiTB ir«r© la & te«tt©r oojaeltlon* 






Qh&TUct'&r of the Fo,gqi»^a 

0«Je |(3r«doi2lnfet«s , pertloularly in .SJLslbja3r-»Bo7gorM and 

, , 53i« «^t«Bt of til® forest viitMr* ,,,..„ rsgioii and. th© 

'^' o t Q B t '.. -i- i a 

.or a«»t 
ill io of total 
.?r<*Tlii«« »tat« <i-Tiirat« l;'®fe#aat (ith^x tixl l;-'"-') area 

.\ e r © 8 

nm&iMlT «B«»»6© l,8£3,100 S88,S0O 08,500 3» 168 .400 £7.8 

iroi^r©« 1.867,700 fc»ji;tfi5.9uu 4-83,000 &E,400 4,5»7,l)00 aa,S 
IHsaa 3»618,800 650, »0 ' SI3»400 ZS,WQ 4,644,700 30, » 

%ot&l 6,341,800 4,766,300 1,1^8, §00 1S§,100 1£,S06.100 3£»0 

.41tliotig3:i %h& tXmh&T Tpmiiuxe^is are xm&h snslior m tiiii» 



*«1- 



In m&r&T&l pl&o«8 th9 wooA-maini; industry le tb« Mftiil omuPM 
of T&r&wm* ??s© entting of corkwood &nd p©l«B anfi drivl&s 

thcas to p«lnt8i of oonstmption within r-tHissia »ngag« » l&rg:« 
portion of *bo population, ^he l^wulag ©f '^«>a In pita to 
ol^taln th© prod.ii.0t0 of « lirtillatioa ' la 'wsri' eesKOti* 

10* ilegi^n of hffmr VoAg» {i:iif laara. .ii^s'atov, ■•o», 

"■.'.sua J 

Char actor of the I'ar^at'ji 

.;ro«fe«l0af foraat® py«<!l»im®t©.» IMi tlj» north«rtt p<ifS^' 

tion ot tha r®i5i0n tfear® is Boim pin©' axuS: spar^nse. Oak la 

t£^ i!^fst ii^i^rt3|^t apeeies* , It i^rdd-omlsaates tm Mm^vn'k 

tiM tmk&tt ^ 14 p«jp &m% of iht f®r«ii3t8 im Staara ©»d aarntOY, 

JaEKOBi: «tl4®jp %r«s®4ll6«ff sp«ot©0 a^re ®l»t «*»I>1»» aa*^* «Gft* 'feircsh. 

la Atatrakhsia tmm «*• bo forget© , Imt elirutja* 

2b0 art®at ®f tli« fortaf tsrittiiii tli.it region an«S! the 
ehiiktmt&T o.f owKL0r8})ip «flr« &h&w& i& th# f0ll©\fl»g ta^blaj 

juowtr , Vfpiiiafe Iv#i^-iom 
I T * « t i r ® a 



of total 

Paroviaa® Stata ;?riT)?4t« . I^ieaaaiit • .:otci 

.A 3r © s 

..imtjimk E,175»400 l.Otl.SST Bl.lOO E0,800 5,34^.600 £a»7 

aeuiaTO 1,46©, too ?£4,600 S64,100 44.000 ' 2 «8SS, 600 7.6 

Bm:^&t0r BQ6,2Q0 1, 0413 » 000 7^^700 76.300 £.,404.J5O0 IB ,7 
A0traJ!s!iaa 331,000 ;3J5,300 13^.,SK)0 4,400 :5.4 

ttm t,BO0 zm,B(}0 l>gO,SOO 89,(X)0 . 2.1 

2'otel 4,485.^00 S,.lg4»OC30 S, 079,000 tM,&00 0.$Eg,8OO Sa 



-5S- 



<PiMptJ«>i— 1—— WWII H iWWi — wii«» mM ii* > ir«i m «aiii.-'<w tf i«Mii'«JBUf 

This r«gi0ji ij3 oiii@fly & o^m^wter «f wood, ;n.^«ar« Is 
xi9t Mnol!^ tjLm%f«!r &iic^ «'b&i t}:t«icr« 1» of X% &C9 hard^^oo^s* !l&^ 
»ik5aas:ili» «t3u3. tfc® w©ftd*ufU»g ltiitttstri«« are f®« siitiatly "by t&d 
tlmlMsr tfeet iji float** alaagr th« silver Vol^ frGm th® Uorihci^ 
K«gioa. the ty&«» la' lti]iil:t«» lar T»ry lari^, ro^dliiisg: from 13 

to tlie p«rtB of the A»ov S«ft aaa fro® -th^re 0<Mat to nertKftjfa 

Qmmi»mm a»e. #il»erlii, H©r«, sms lu, frary other r^ijlon, tli© 
IMmtTjf t» vtm^t^lB «f ty«9«a^©«0 ©xpimsioa if tjie iMrsma of 
traaa^rtatiosa ©ottle %« is^oiwd» 
12.» lly> itet#yieir K##TJ i.on. .(K@.a?o0Wt i^-alm^^* B.ms»^ Pwtz^, 

Oli^^r Clotty qX %}m Jorge to 

a^ K^isga liaXf of th0 for^^t^ are pl»» imd tl2.@ 9th«r Srialt 

?$r9n«9i!h, K'uitrk, oisS IOii&xMt, th^ WtiuAlemt f&r&BtB pre- 

par Gtmt in .B^orslr* i3 .p#r a^j^t in terfBAsh* 4@ |xir oeut in 
'X1aul&» ^i j^r osBt i» ?0a^a« IS per- mnt M ;imMmt ^^ P^ 
0»iit In ^'ia?*!, 11 |>©T c^ent ia t^atjtear, sjjatt oaly g >;ift]r ©(smt in 

fls,0 iart«»t ©f the f«r««5t witMis 13hlfl T&$im bM. th« 
oharaet^r of o«n«r(i!sip art ohown in tl^a IbllowljEig talile: 



•£» ^ 



:i- y. 



Interio r leaiott 

^v r © 8 t A. X" ® » _ . 

i'or o«nt 

All of total 

roTine* BUU .Tlwt« Iea:5ant OtJ.«r Total lan^ &r«a 

/; « r e e 

.o^eow I58T,000 1.33^,600 S8»,500 XOl.gOO £.£10,S00 >V.7 

.etX^^a E££.£00 1,§S6,S00 BfiO.aX) 71,400 g.lOJ.SOO SB.O 

Byasan ^3»,t00 iaT8,700 eOS,600 17,600 g,0JS3.e00, £0.1 

easa 6E9,000 747.900 £68,500 29,400 1.674.600 la.l 

-mt^ov 1.13^,100 tas.eoo sos,TOo X0o»4oo 2,m&J0Q i&a 

jr«l 730,®0a UWB.mO 10^,400 S9,000 £,0ig,500 18,7 

■•^1» aOS.EOO 446,600 5&.a00 &.600 424.C.00 8.:^ 

r-arsfe 1E6.S00 £©£.^00 190,300 18.000 &17,7O0 §.6 

VoTOmzh Sta.500 304»4CX> 5i0,4OO 18.1 :U17t.S00 7,4 

niarkoT X7©,£00 SS9»aC» SSl^tOO 6,S00 ia^»XOO 8.S 

2©t»l 4,140,000 8.eOS,SOO S, 974, 700 mO^dOO 16,MS,400 14.8 

a® r©§im m m% ran rUh te tS»1>ey» Most of tli« 
tiE3t)®r prmiuei 1« ns©a locslly. A gr#^t a«al of Irasbwr le 

i£ss>ort«d fro® oth®r r<9sl6aa. priiMij^ly 'tr^ffi th® ■^«»-^g» 

of eft»iweofi, is lloaoow, Bie i^iOB© woa^wing iB.^-'setry in Ife® 
most ah&r&©terl4?tio ijartustry of the jregioaj aessrlj 104.000 
p««8&at workers &x% smgloyea in it, »» «?ii«f pjroameta ar« 



order of tlieir Ajsportaaoe are: 'beeola, <-6 per eeat of %b* 

format area.} ©alc# 16 per e^stj Talu* tje^oli, IS per tjont; 
piae* 8 per oeat; spruo©/? fer aeait; aiie fir, e i?er ««mt, 



Sie extent of the forest witfeia tki« r€sgie» aaa the 
0&er©,0ter of c^merahip lyr® sJiesra in tlie fellowlag t&lj.le; 



-56* 






?a?<>Ti|5«f 


■ '"W* 


S^\r9i'tm 


»otal 


of totel 

lm& B.Y9& 


^trnvp^fl 


t4.1^6 


«8,eY4 


54,000 


O.S 


»«r«k 


960.17^ 


M.627 


i«o;^6,doo 


6 


1M» 


X,60£,S^ 


£,94£.S76 


4,<iJ&S,X00 


19 




1,£03,9£7 


♦ » ♦ 


X, SOS, 927 
4»07X,900 


98 
4fi 


SifUa 


X.^$a«62» 


1,068,171 


a,i5§8,aoo 


36 


£U8&fe« thpol g , 084 « WB 


254,302 


E, 308,500 


SI 


tasm 


3f0,60« 


» • « 


S70,50fi 





I>&^»»iMm 


i;S@,E9$ 


@&a,304 


760,600 


10 


B»lm 


1.000,668 


BQ.sm 


1,161,001 


IS 


^^^ 


4a3.oe« 


•II f ♦ • 


413.089 
1S,3S63,»19 • 


6 


■■ ^tal 


13,405.810 


6.M8.106 





- ay«ffi S,oaO,000 4, 1^,. , ,.:.,. 12,193,000 



»£6. 






aE< 



r:inn 



13 • ^i'^yitttgltaii .r^ojtrioa 

Brosdl®af s^<©ci©0 prsScJEiiKKt© — felroh, mp&n^ aia©r, 
IftXaek aafi whit® poplar, ©1©, o&k^ «M itysi^l©* .-^^jriice • 
^.3Ua« art fouoiJ. ojsljr 1» iaolat^sd. p3jfte«« la tht aountttina. 
At th© foot of tii® moimtaX^m of ^tirtestswc 'wlmit iis quit* 

The eartsfttt ol' the f&rmit witfeim tM.® rtgioa in i^h<&m. 
in %%% falltmiia^ telsl«i: 



tofel Area i'roettetiTC 



nwmxkmsA 10,B$7^mA ?,&f£,uoi 

mUl for f^k«»tm S@«e&?»«^&4 4^Q»?E3,&&9 



-SV- 



M 



14<; ^Ifegrlsp ::e^lon 

bilieriaiQ larch ( J^iac silMgri c ^ i^ ^ito pio® ( ir'i»»a fKirbra ) , 
a»iMm« >&»^'>vooa » poplar, al^l^rj ..ffci)& Ifiroh; f«jrib«r Aftat aa 
IferoiiA forost® in @olM. isMi^v wl^. \^'hit« .$in#.. ^illSIS. 

IB addition to atfiiMt##: Sootelj jpice, aaA 
Psfeiiriea X&roh, l&yg« qtiKatiti*» of birefe i l»gtuX» dehiirioa ) 

B7o«i&l@iKf @p«ei0e pr«dmaiiiate* Mojagolian oak 

f i ^yfflpfttg. »q]affoXi<» ) 4 »ewral 0.. solas of jnapX©, Is&aswooa 

danftawa. iawtreyuBla ) ^ MotJ^Iia» bXaak ¥fai.nmt. !?k« oxtent of 

th« forest wltiiia tJii© yegUm stod tli« ©fcar^^ator of ownoraisip 

aro sbotm la tla« f©lX0wiJig taWo: 



~^,..U *.ltJ>i ».:«i-..- 



1^ <mCI 



Wattt.<y^, j yfji^ riteuBXlata .Tj^^Xqh Totf,.I\Ar^-A P^'wdua^itfis rcsrv.at 



Ttaiiv^ hfoiJeatl ■■-■■■ ^■-'-^^'- ^■■*''1W,8©3,00C 7,9a«*,300 

Jteair fH-,070,70Q 3l,a3?^,7S0 

«i^t»«»'Ue« xo,S 3O>oo0 fi,r^,mx),. 

f**i5l|m]Mi,ti»sk 9^S56,Sf>Q S,8i«,atS 

total sit^^sidLM. f^mirt® i5,3«3,64a B,mm,om 



-&«- 



^fiaii^x 






:.;ill. 



gho 44)iiBb»y Iiidua^ry c^f vnff^pj^* -^lirKatrbttn... jaai^.^^^,i ,ib«yla 

i»ltfe tSi® eoKport ti^eber tTud^ of ussiiu 

Thd formats ot is-auailia sm^ %& !ii?M<a4. ini^* »ix 'broM 
i.« ,$ii# nortlidra o«mif»rotia forest (!?*%«*) 

1, 'Zh^ liorthorn Cfmiforotia Forest C'E li^t) 

S!b,® aertJienx ooalferau^ forest ^tr^tchoe from tho 
Paeifio C<mt«t to th® Baltic S©s. aa^ ia, ^ilsarift'lt «tt«»Ae 
(iotitti to Cliijaa. It eboimS.8 in mss^n^ p£triloul*irly la th« 
•wsstera p®irt of Siberia sad. tJi© ©xir^ie northern part"'' of 

In -feft oeatr^l portio» ©f B,ort3h©ra Eua^iei o©3alf®rott» 
f treats -f pinft f ^lawa gyXroatris ) waS ©pnwa ( ::l<yegi , tt-.^-oe3.a& ) 
form the pr«£ioinlB««it typ»., la th© 9&«t«rm part of tli» 



hn 



f H^^T/' 



%i& ii-l^<<i^ iiti?- 



a»©'3:«»1:JUl<i.c 



f0f #ff~; 



i t^fms 



siZi, 






6owraiB»»t Of An^httBgel and la tb* Vm:i f^eiimt&las l«:r (»p««ai 

XMHh f lt&yiy g»eigtttt guropea h flrtbiafe eiff«r» Tciry little 

from t}:t .ostdrxi .ir^nroyeftii X«^reii4o.I%3BMa Y&at format*.. JTai^tlior 
•ft0t ilhi»m appoaars fir ajcd £i«9T CyaI alao ^eo^ar*^ ri»iBtstg 

>:^u3ffii3 'Saitel airJUloa Siljeria into two &lis20»t &-iiml 
paria « ^©stom nM. eaiat«3no. extern niberla inaltifiios the 
eoveramoata of So'boiBk, Somak, Yeaieelak, Irtmstk, also %h» 
ft&rixme® of Turgal &nd urtil®^. lastera jJll&^ria i»elu4«» 
'the fraYi.iio@i^? of traxi0~ig>&il«a, x'r&*£ma3t, Ais&r* ead Eti|^&.li4m« 
She p»alxl« x«0ioii ©f riiljeyiat i|i»liiA#» t-M iTOvia^jsiJ of 
{S«mip«il&tiH»k ana Alosolinak* fM va»t otroto^hof 3j(M 
Atioi&lis^ tli« ii^tie 09«@A fross t'ho 0v«t.i iiouatains to lai* 
Btyl»s s^tj-alt ia Arotio Suiiara, doTold of foioeta, elthoui^ 
baxtt as3,s tiaoxo aro fotoid soiso a^mrfos troos* Hiuit to Tai^Ura 
!• ft forasit teoXt wMeli «ls« «jc^s«4i mroBB «iitire £$i^ejria to 
tlia ^imifia «^o&ii« ^4.8 forest i& aot alvasw « oomtinuoms 
fore St t »2i ia e<»8monly l»eli»voa, but i® iuterraptM toy Taat 
jswa^p'K ~^?^. Ib'urxis* i[1\o~ fore^ia '^are Bioatly found oa eiTiaoa, 
partioularly @a tli« soutii alopos, afford li^g thaa protection 
froF, t'ha north wlad8» ^iibo iKOat isaportaat Si^oolots whieia malca 
. forest in v?aatern f? Iberia ia?© aj^rooe, piao, Hib^rian 
„j.i, ce^ar'' ( Biima o«g>l?r& ) « and l&roh sjdor^ th© conifers, 
aiftft''^|jrols with feSiJ^a aiiao« ■ t^o ii&ra30o»'5B. Aioa^r th® riv^ra 



d^i'UtJL 



*sC ■ . 



felt:? <:. f^lfm. '■ ^€f 'mki:!.Xl 



=M:r 



, -n 



idkifiit imwe-rftrf a rtic* ana 'o«&ar** |ir»d«»litate. 

in «&8t«rB ttiberla, pitrtleulBrl$' in th« Asia? ftisd 
Pre*AiBar ,TO?lMoeis, smother sp«oi«a of upract ( j^iati 
ftjinaniglli ) is irorjr ooismon, toongo^hwr odai.f«r8 1g> t>ie 
iUMie,feiwian pint f||BaiL^Site£iS§^t «*■ ^«iry v^lnfefel® trt«, 

bfisin of tti» .Eiv«y tlsawri* ana lfcjr«fe (l..ag|y. a.ii3attrlfg^j.> Of 

mafl' $^-Aimir regions ♦ sus^ Ajbio^, 'holoiih^l.lgi . oonasGa ia %im 
aotitfeem 0s«mrl©2i r@s:^**«i« 

6f S6ot©fe |kii*«t »prti©« (Il;a»ft ^saisa) » l»r«tv» mro^mM fir 

j^tgjyj8JtO£, ko:rBto«aJE (OfcTp iJaTis |)»^t:^t3lmi ) (mA IsfMMl}}. (J^^ggf 

», $5^® Hara;yooa Forest of th§ n^ixi^ , R»£lefi 

m® fear«iiT«0d® »f th« prmirift region in .Swrop©fitn 

leer pltiio-soidea . Ae@r ewapgaire. suaa Aeer tatfe:rletas « sisl-^ 





^(ii 554 iet" 



OiV 



:"J©»;l,i?d'te, 'i^m4i-«S3E» 



?rx.ijf enYJit^^lMJf^ h^-"!S^ ts^fl? *3 



tlf (tSi 



Of the eoalf «ip;«|N| *oti»d oiilj Jiooioh pine, vhUh ©oeafiioa- 
ally f&Ta& st«md» on 8«m<8y soils ne&r rlr^rss. £b« fere^te 
most «baraot«rietlo of tlitt pr«lrl« region weet of the l?ral 
MotmtaiAs ar« sii&&e up <»f oek^ east of tliv tTrel Momit£in» 
th« biroh is th« JsoBt ohar&ct^rlstle »p»ol»a witfe «ui oo©»- 
ttlon&X adKlactaxa of larilldw @n& a.ap«ii, lloi4li©r oa.:fe, maijle* 
giieli, ®lia, or liae;*!WGO<l aro foua<S in th« pr&iri© regioa oast 
of tho 03ml Ho-ontaiaa until tJi© Abrup region Is r^mh4&» 

4. la'.o ¥Qrtle»a .i^orwit B<iatst «iir Cmioaaus 

She meimtottia of OttawMfoyo pro^ioztt s^oTer&l v^rtioal 

belts* Sear tJi« ehoro axo foTtnfi l^irgo awtas^ps ooo&Biojsally 

coTor^ with- a ^ioaaa growtJa of &M®r« ^laa tbo ®#^|« of tla.« 
s>«&]ikP@ virhoaro tko 0OII la ixifur aro fmM o«tJ^, Ibiaoolt* 'horn- 

otJft,«r vl^a, Eigiior -sm,? tho KiOTjatiilaje tJi«ro li^ijje m mlxea 
fox^£;t of 8«ua»»r ott^ *f£|^£SM 8e»,al , flQrtt ) felme beeok 
( Oajr|»ijmai ^»otuXtta aad dmla^zial^ ) t »»& boooh ( i'agsya aylvatloe, 

QriofttalljB ) t Oacsmionully in Ealxt^iw witli tbos© we fomsi 
&l»o eljs, IrojDwooa ( C>9 , tryii) ^ gltQatoat . laa-ple, tseaitwooa., aab, 
iMttd a«paa» Hig&oar tip %h^ mmntnl&n aro fowsa o©nlf«3Poma ,,, 
f(iV&B%& ociaprialitt® j^cotoh pliant, «»a!St«irE spruc'O ( Ho@» 
orJKmtfelis ) aaS Crteaan fir fA'bigf. HorAiaajimlaQa ) . Cteessioa- 
felly ar® fouaa foro«t« of Qth&r aouif^ra raob as Crlmoaa 
pixm ( 'Biija.rm Ir^rloo ) » Maritime plsao '( finmB ssferitlBo ) ^taS 
Bsoimtaiia pin® ( :rlnu8 noiit^ao. ), Z'i® tjad^rgroirfe oh,ar/.-<ot©ri0tlo 
of tile l>ftlt is S5&de up of rlio4.0dona,r03!t an<s >?.olly* 




tion belts: 

, .-Im alkali belt * 'I^iB is oi-it^r«iot«ris«^ l>^ i'^y^ 
»tret«hoa of -tfoodlftn*'; mt-rq ii^;^ of ?, ehr«,T), jwt imXlto our 
]©»S!4imit«, HalexyloR t-eiaot^eadyon . ana slOBg the rirera of 

^* g^^g ciatJ-YStftl t?«Xi » 2feis coi5prls«s th© sioat f«rtil« 
Iooe« Boil, re^iuirii^; only wat^sr to give wonderfsO.. yielftfi 

ssaeh of Ji x.-- airaady im^ssir amltJlTt^tioji, a!-.® u-ipt^fx- litolt 

fe«t» ^)@Ttrsa sp©«l«ja df |>0pliir ar« p3f0®®at| &l®o feirelu 
Eh« otK^ar sx!®©^®« «^*'«* fel&ok w®ls:at ( Jwtl«W8 y#£la )t el:i«frry, 

»l#«0« i' Jg.|,ie^» jstejl^regarlaim )* Sf&e lapj^er li»l* f!s,i',Je» fr©» 
7,6C«} %9 IQ,Q00 f«»t* Al«»v* it is fOTOSi* J«3ai^r* 

2fe« imer p^gri«a pr«.;»»t» »«v«rtil «l«itliiet fareat 
typiMi* E«x« th« pvre <ioaifer<!)ia3 for«<it of %h^» north mfLxMH 
with tli« 1>roadl««f for«s*, walnwt vrltfe "©•(tar", fir «2a« %ir©b 

wl'tti tBN^b09, «M ^eij^^Tlrw with 8pr-aoe« imawL$ tlK» tr^ore 



■>,memw9 m^imoliem * ^rbidb i& fxtvaa^ «l^»fc- ths;* lalK!?.;'.!* ocmrae of 

wliiolh ateetnrs »X^^^ ^^^ »i«dl« a<>-orsi« of ttj« Hiv^r .ahbhp aoad 

Frftxixms £»&3ii^ihmirioa* ii%.ioli girow» ^rer tii« Mx^gvr fart of 
iuar «««, i^r»-A««3r tetriiory, 6M -is^mm WMmMmn^* 
iifhioh $v*ym la the aouthojna Oamiuri r«S'^<>tt: hlmk waimtt 

II.) IB^ tSj« l®t ^v «r®a 121 e^-it^ of ijiear atsttiiag; {i) l>y 
tti^mtltyj In ^l@li' ©a#» either tfe« tr«©a t® l>« fsil©a iar« 
^axlcitd mt the tr«SJ@ to %»® l«ft ar« i^rkieSji (3) ^ thtt tre«| 

in this eft»« %h0 e1'i«<»k is ^y tfe® iroifeber of ettrapa* ,, , 

Miii»)i s!»«asji' « at»0]i of w(>oci ®«inoii tm% (1 i@<t|»ji) i:lglt.« )»«»Tezi 
f«M»t leag ant s«»Tiga fdot wli&». It i^ siislliiar to otir eort 
ttoasiire, osceept th«it the dlmo»0ioii0 are dilTdrsnt* A &tmak 

«^0« 





? sstr. 



of tXmhGV mrmt tmt Klgh, »«voii f«®t Xoag, Wt oaly 3| 

feet wis© la one-half of a ©mlsle »«,$«» anfi tsrill tiik«, 
therefor®, ttyo of ouofe siaelte to kiAw . o a f anhie 8iij«a. 
X.n, 3o«» p.la©t®, lijte ©n th« Riwr ?ol^., tb© xmlt »f 
K-eaetire i® a s(t®-«k 0f «moa flv© sa^om ( 7 x S « 256 f*«t) 
loag C'piaterlk'"}; at otKier plde«a tfe* l«ngtte in 10 «&j«ii . 
(70 fo«t) Cai&sstorik" ) , m&^t oofflssouly, fooweirer, it ifl 
^SSL »»♦!«» C? f®et) lo.Kig» A 0iLbi« »a4«a ««»t«.ia«, tfe®Mfor®, 
M3 ®Tabi«j f©#t (?■ s: 1 X 7} ©f et&©k«t «>M. For m^^t^ima 
©f estiJBatlK^ iH all O'ovoriwsjoat for»8t» «i moxia^ 0a4«n., 
•iimki %Q ZW euMG f©©t, is 8ifi4pt«4 aa a tmlt. flaia is 
"^^« JSiH e-ant©at» of a, otibio ufejen* iKust^aA ©f •xpreaalag 
tfe« 0t«aft la ^ofiurt f®®t, th» B.iissi8a fortittr® «pr«©s it 
"aorrml »a|0ii'\ 

i1.i« ©astsBta of 13s« tr«©e is aatoitaia®^ ia 9w.l>i« 
f«»t ana th® mm is aiidaM l>y £20, wbiefe giw® th® atjaa'b©!' 
of "normal snjea** in tts^^ ataaa. 



-ee- 



9^i 



0%hi>,ff uaife.-^ cf fiuja.»ujr«i &nt.. tix-iiKs tuaiitnu 



i dxilm , C.^iiii? in, 

i VQ»aJ»ok i.,v\:' « 

1 vnie^itt .,.,,, .J,50C ft. 

" * * hmn timbi^ix , . 150 mi, ft. 

* * • nswitd ti!ffife#f . . ISO • » 

BattMife •» ife b©ftM il-3| aui»«\x 5-iX ^,i««s. 




'•($7« 



CjOftOjiuuiuufii 



fttrAftt AiNB* 1 «ih©wn in t)i« follot«ing tabl«! 



Unit fid gteut«« 






3, ff,u« J- ^.aiiy tli--} timber ©xpoirt 
K^to»^t; fell ItiCi ; v ^ .; 

trade biii.i<!iiio<3 Ui«ty k£» JYi(%(»A I . 



t 89,SS0,0CC 

(SftpO'tt tti tisHb^s lute 






Onittjd Etatd^S tlKb^JT' 3 



3©^ 



130? 









gut of 10, 431,309 •iiJ^o .* c. ,:•..... . pit 

wood knx: x\, , g0gltt,nd (H.itlns* %>-t.„ .. ;.iflox to 'ch© 

gr«&t w«^r, 5,li6,aa6 nofe-^.:. •• raw Sutiifjla, 

u, Fy-.orc tbe Wftjr, 4^; , ...mt of ?^'U Ra?' Ian ^sx- 
vcr;, -^ .. -.:.:Ut thxougli th« B^ltl© po; ■ - , 



•G8- 



mj. M 



mi 



n 



tbft «ii9't»9r exparxt of HaamiM ^Irioh will h«KioBM» pis(X}mtUk^n%m 

<93s:port- tlni'boje' will talsat pl^dt* ara «h.# iu>ri.!) s^mi tu?»%h'^ > 
«i»^j»ti3sjm foirrv*. ««igt<6i*ii; ■•"'' ,^ •"cshsj.at^ '"**:' h-,---- r^v r^ier 

umAtm fox Vogkit^iM- ^fis» gtx-9intiiis&l m-lvkti^n .f mvay oi: h«iir 
f in^utei&l 41f.£&.Qul%i^{». fM amf'^jL&^t&^ut o.f tint (tittb^x 
iv^Jitj^'&ty will ^rmi^i^ M-t^mjiS^ikiilm :i&it®i.?in %'i^suim £>a.lm&att 

7. Sa tj5s,h^js' rif^mmiT^ iu iluj^;lia. will t-i -o •t-fei^y ^« 





fore;;:.* ;-'■ -^.iirO'T ■ w >. J.^St-thssriti aftd ''i>jrtb Ka^ m i. ^; rn Hu>' : it»j upWii, 

-iihl::-' *-- rfsifjp'«i*(Ji9» ifl*»«J«l'?ll licH fail 'iiiiM^Jf t'" - .'-■>--•. -;•■- 
G'5>jtrj:»-j»H .«^.-«nt¥ ant?' £U>t'^li^i^«a, tlllli t^* 1^ <->i.;r -rur. .■;.**, 

r®&ll«fie- 'tli)9 tittjisti'efs- l« uisMirlt «^'«iiwn -'^y th,« f&'ei that* 
gpw«jii- W%fe#' ■luttte**' »ii«i #0©<IMi8*nir irttl^iu^ifi*-' -'"'' " ■ 

5,h<» RU,ff*«l».a lTJ!8Sb-;s»r ii-iilmttTf, lua Sk<i-m,Ut::f^;i(in will I,,.. ;,... 

r^i^o<luotls of istaah* bhs : ■ ; , ^ ' J.^~ 

ir* IU»«.«;<iiu will i®nii tc- «iljif.yiAi«i G'--;»B«iay «*»• the iS4»iasfft,o- 

ittr-;;; ., i i4"li!i»au.. ■' '■ "; '■■ . t l.; :■ ■ ■ ..: : . 



•70- 



f^. 



'»a.iujt «sit.:;«s arrsitm^»»ft9nii« with th© Syltii.;fc ^ov-j^mf. 

& asada under tii« tJUj^sirnr^iv^r. ui Bmu^ 

. i, :' . 

iai, wiii the«^o^® ij^.mi--: .M«*r#a iu aay plan 



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